美国名人女权运动主义者苏珊·安东尼.docx

美国名人女权运动主义者苏珊安东尼SusanB.Anthonyz1820-1906:SheLedtheFighttoGainEqualRightsforWomen,IncludingtheRighttoVoteplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:43repeatByShelleyGollust2008-6-14VOICEONE:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.Intheeighteenfifties,womenintheUnitedStatesbegantotrytogainthesamerightsasmen.Onewomanwasaleaderinthecampaigntogainwomentherighttovote.mStanBusby.VOICETWO:AndmShirleyGriffith.Todaywetellaboutafighterforrightsforwomen,SusanB.Anthony.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:SusanB.AnthonyInseventeenseventy-six,anewnationdeclareditsfreedomfromBritain.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasthedocumentwrittentoexpressthereasonsforseekingthatfreedom.Itstatedthatallmenwerecreatedequal.ItsaidthatallmenhadtherighttoHfe,Iibert,andthepursuitofhappiness.VOICETWO:NoteverycitizenofthenewUnitedStatesofAmericahadoneimportantright,however.Thatwastherighttovote.Atfirst,theonlypeoplepermittedtovoteintheUnitedStateswerewhitemenwhoownedpropertyandcouldread.Byeighteensixty,mostwhitemalecitizensovertheageoftwenty-onehadtherighttovote.TheFourteenthandFifteenthamendmentstotheConstitutiongaveblackmalecitizenstherighttovote.Theseamendmentswerepassedineighteensixty-eightandeighteenseventy.VOICEONE:WomenwerenotreallyfullcitizensinAmericaintheeighteenhundreds.Theyhadnoeconomicindependence.Forexample,everythingawomanownedwhenshegotmarriedbelongedtoherhusband.Ifamarriedwomanworked,themoneyshemadebelongedtoherhusband.Inaddition,womenhadnopoliticalpower.Theydidnothavetherighttovote.Intheeighteenfifties,womenorganizedinanefforttogainvotingrights.Theircampaignwascalledthewomen'ssuffragemovement.Suffragemeanstherighttovote.Americanwomensoughttogainthatrightformorethanseventyyears.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:OneoftheleadersofthemovementwasSusanB.AnthonyofMassachusetts.MissAnthonywasateacher.Shebelievedthatwomenneededeconomicandpersonalindependence.ShealsobelievedthattherewasnohopeforsocialimprovementintheUnitedStatesuntilwomenweregiventhesamerightsasmen.Therightsincludedtherighttovoteinpublicelections.VOICEONE:SusanB.Anthonywasbornineighteentwenty.HerparentsweremembersoftheQuakerreligion.Shebecameone,too.TheQuakersbelievedthattherightsofwomenshouldbehonored.Theywerethefirstreligiousgroupwherewomensharedtheleadershipwithmen.VOICETWO:Asayoungwoman,Susanhadstrongbeliefsaboutjusticeandequalityforwomenandforblackpeople.Andshewasquicktospeakoutagainstwhatshebelievedwasnotjust.Manyyoungmenwantedtomarryher.Butshecouldnotconsidermarryingamanwhowasnotasintelligentasshe.Sheoncesaid:"Icanneverunderstandwhyintelligentgirlsshouldwanttomarryfoolsjusttogetmarried.Manyarewillingtodoso.ButIamnot."Shedidmeetsomeyoungmenwhowereintelligent.Butitalwaysseemedthattheyexpectedwomentobetheirservants,nottheirequals.VOICEONE:SusanB.AnthonybecameaschoolteacherinNewYorkstate.Sherealizedthatwomencouldneverbecomefullcitizenswithoutsomepoliticalpower.Theycouldnevergetsuchpoweruntiltheygottherighttovote.ShewentfromtowntotowninNewYorkstatetryingtogetwomeninterestedintheirrighttovote.Buttheydidnotseeminterested.MissAnthonyfeltthiswasbecausewomenwerenotabletodoanythingforthemselves.Theyhadnomoneyorpropertyoftheirown.Thestruggleseemedlongandhard.Shesaid:VOICETWO:"AsIwentfromtowntotown,Iunderstoodmoreandmoretheevilwemustfight.Theevilisthatwomencannotchangeanythingaslongastheymustdependonmenfortheirverylives.Womencannotchangeanythinguntiltheythemselvesareindependent.Theycannotbefreeuntiltheyhavethelegalrighttoownpropertyandtokeepthemoneytheymakebyworking."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:MissAnthonywenttoeverycityztownandvillageinNewYorkstate.Sheorganizedmeetingsinschools,churches,andpublicplaces.Everywhereshewent,shecarriedpamphletsurgingrightsforwomen.SheurgedthelawmakersofNewYorktochangethestatelawandgivewomentherighttoownproperty.HercampaigninNewYorkfailedatthattime.Butelsewherethestruggleforwomen'srightswasmakingprogress.VOICETWO:SusanB.AnthonyandElizabethCadyStantonIneighteenfifty-one,SusanB.AnthonymetElizabethCadyStanton.MissusStantonalsosupportedequalrightsforwomen.MissusStantonhadmanychildren.Sheneededtoremainathometoraiseherlargefamily.MissAnthony,however,wasnotmarried.Shewasfreetotravel,tospeak,andtoorganizeforthewomen'srightsmovement.ThetwowomencooperatedinleadingthefighttogainrightsforwomenintheUnitedStates.TheirfirstimportantsuccesscameineighteensixtywhenNewYorkfinallyapprovedamarriedwoman'slaw.ForthefirsttimeinNewYork,amarriedwomancouldownproperty.And,shehadarighttothemoneyshewaspaidforworkshedid.Atlast,MissAnthony'scampaignwasbeginningtoshowresults.Thecampaignspreadtootherstates.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:TheendoftheAmericanCivilWarineighteensixty-fivefreedNegroesfromslavery.SusanB.Anthonyfeltthattherewasstillmuchtobedonetogetfullfreedom-forNegroesandalsoforwomen.ShebegantocampaignfortherightforNegroesandwomentovote.TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionwasapprovedineighteensixty-eight.ItgaveNegromentherighttovote.Butitdidnotgivewomentherighttovote.VOICETWO:SusanB.Anthonyledeffortstohavevo