降低可再生能源领域的监管风险并防止投资者与国家之间的冲突-英_市场营销策划_重点报告20230120.docx

THEWORLDBANKIBROIDAIWCLCftAM(<MOP11XKAnNAlENERGYtHASmEnablingForeignDirectInvestmentintheRenewableEnergySectorReducingRegulatoryRisksandPreventingInvestor-StateConflicts©2023TheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariat1818HStreetNWWashington,DC20433Telephone:Internet:WWW.wor1dbQnk.oQSomerightsreserved.ThisreportisaproductoftheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariat.TheWorldBankGroupreferstothememberinstitutionsoftheWorldBankGroup:TheWorldBank(InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment);InternationalFinanceCorporation(IFC);andMultilateralInvestmentGuaranteeAgency(MIGA),whichareseparateanddistinctlegalentitieseachorganizedunderitsrespectiveArticlesofAgreement.Thefindings,interpretations,andconclusionsexpressedhereindonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheDirectorsorExecutiveDirectorsoftherespectiveinstitutionsoftheWorldBankGrouporthegovernmentstheyrepresent,theEnergyCharterSecretariatortheirstaff.TheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatdonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataincludedinthisreport.Theboundaries,colors,denominations,andotherinformationshownonanymapinthisworkdonotimplyanyjudgmentonthepartofTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariatconcerningthelegalstatusofanyterritoryortheendorsementoracceptanceofsuchboundaries.NothinghereinshallconstituteorbeconsideredtobealimitationuponorwaiveroftheprivilegesandimmunitiesofTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariat,allofwhicharespecificallyreserved.Thematerialinthispublicationiscopyrighted.Copyingand/ortransmittingportionsorallofthisworkwithoutpermissionmaybeaviolationofapplicablelaw.TheWorldBankGroupandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatencouragethedisseminationofitsworkandwillnormallygrantpermissiontoreproduceportionsoftheworkpromptly.Anydesignationoforreferencetoaparticularterritoryorgeographicarea,ortheuseoftheterms"country","state"or"government"inthisdocument,iswithoutprejudicetothestatusoforsovereigntyoveranyterritoryorarea,aswellastothedelimitationofinternationalfrontiersandboundaries.Attribution-Pleasecitetheworkasfollows:WorldBankandEnergyCharterSecretariat2023.EnablingForeignDirectInvestmentinRenewableEnergySector:ReducingRegulatoryRisksandPreventingInvestor-StateConflicts.WorldBank,Washington,DC.Translation:Ifyoucreateatranslationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThistranslationwasnotcreatedbyTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariatandshouldnotbeconsideredanofficialWorldBankorEnergyCharterSecretariattranslation.TheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariatshallnotbeliableforanycontentorerrorinthistranslation.Adaptations:Ifyoucreateanadaptationofthiswork,pleaseaddthefollowingdisclaimeralongwiththeattribution:ThisisanadaptationofanoriginalworkbyTheWorldBankandtheEnergyCharterSecretariat.ViewsandopinionsexpressedintheadaptationarethesoleresponsibilityoftheauthororauthorsoftheadaptationandarenotendorsedbyTheWorldBankortheEnergyCharterSecretariat.Third-partycontent:TheWorldBankandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatdonotnecessarilyowneachcomponentofthecontentcontainedwithinthework.TheWorldBankandtheEnergyCharterSecretariatthereforedonotwarrantthattheuseofanythird-partyownedindividualcomponentorpartcontainedintheworkwillnotinfringeontherightsofthosethirdparties.Theriskofclaimsresultingfromsuchinfringementrestssolelywithyou.Ifyouwishtore-useacomponentofthework,itisyourresponsibilitytodeterminewhetherpermissionisneededforthatre-useandtoobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightowner.Examplesofcomponentscaninclude,butarenotlimitedto,tables,figures,orimages.Allqueriesonrightsandlicenses,includingsubsidiaryrights,shouldbeaddressedtotheOfficeofthePublisher,TheWorldBankGroup,1818HStreetNW,Washington,DC20433,USA;fax:;e-mail:QUbrightSw。IIdbQnk.orq.ISBN978-905948-246-3(pdf)ContentsAcknowledgements4AbbreviationsandAcronyms5ExecutiveSummary6Chapter 1: Introduction9Chapter 2: InvestmentinRenewableEnergy13Totalinvestmentinrenewables15Foreigndirectinvestmentinrenewables17Politicalriskinrenewableenergyprojects18Reducingregulatoryrisks21Chapter 3: Investor-StateDisputesinRenewableEnergy23Claimants24Subsectors25Maincausesofdisputes26Instrumentsinvoked29Outcomeofproceedings29Chapter 4: ExistingMeasuresforManagingConflictsbetweenInvestorsandtheHostCountry34Mechanismsininternationalinvestmentagreements34State-to-statecooperationthroughbilateralinstitutionalmechanisms38Mechanismstopreventormanagegrievancesatthenationallevel40Mechanismsestablishedthroughcontractualarrangements44Chapter 5: MechanismstoReduceRegulatoryRisks,PreventConflictsandDisputesintheRenewableEnergySector55Appendixes61Appendix A: Additionalfigures,Chapter161Appendix B: Foreigndirectinvestmentinrenewableenergy64Appendix C: Damagesclaimedanddamagesawarded65Appendix D: Additionalexamplesofcontractualarrangementstoresolveinvestorgrievances66Appendix E: Analysisoftheprobabilityofhavingdisputesinrenewablessectoraccordingtocountry-levelcharacteristics