美国名人萨克斯管演奏家约翰·克特兰.docx

美国名人萨克斯管演奏家约翰克特兰JohnColtrane,1926-1967:Thefamoussaxophoneplayerhelpedmakemodernjazzpopulararoundtheworldplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:20repeatByShelleyGollust2007-4-14VOICEONE:PEOPLEINAMERICA,aprograminSpecialEnglishbytheVoiceofAmerica.(MUSIC)Hewasoneofthegreatestsaxophoneplayersofalltime.Hewrotejazzmusic.Herecordednewversionsofpopularsongs.And,hehelpedmakemodernjazzpopular.mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.Tday,wetellaboutmusicianJohnColtrane.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:JohnColtranewasborninthestateofNorthCarolinainnineteentwenty-six.HewasraisedinthesmallfarmtownofHighPoint.Bothofhisgrandfatherswereclergymen.Asayoungboy,hespentagreatdealoftimelisteningtothemusicoftheblackSouthernchurch.Coltrane'sfathersewedclothes.Heplayedseveralmusicalinstrumentsforhisownenjoyment.TheyoungColtranegrewupinamusicalenvironment.HediscoveredjazzbylisteningtotherecordingsofsuchjazzgreatsasCountBasieandLesterYoung.VOICETWO:WhenJohnwasthirteen,heaskedhismothertobuyhimasaxophone.Peoplerealizedalmostimmediatelythattheyoungmancouldplaytheinstrumentverywell.Johnlearnedbylisteningtorecordingsofthegreatjazzsaxophoneplayers,JohnnyHodgesandCharlieParker.JohnandhisfamilymovedtoPhiladelphia,Pennsylvaniainnineteenforty-three.HestudiedmusicforashorttimeattheGranoffStudiosandattheOrnsteinSchoolofMusic.VOICEONE:JohnColtraneservedforayearinaNavybandinHawaii.Whenhereturned,hebeganplayingsaxophoneinseveralsmallbands.Innineteenforty-eight,ColtranejoinedtrumpetplayerDizzyGillespie'sband.Sevenyearslater,Coltranejoinedthejazzgroupofanothertrumpetplayer,MilesDavis.ThegroupincludedpianoplayerRedGarland,doublebassplayerPaulChambersanddrummerPhillyJoeJones.VOICETWO:Coltranebeganexperimentingwithnewwaystowriteandperformjazzmusic.Heexploredmanynewwaysofplayingthesaxophone.Somepeopledidnotlikethisnewsound.Theydidnotunderstandit.Otherssaiditwasanexpressionofmodernsoul.Theysaiditrepresentedanimportantchange.Jazzperformers,composersandothermusicianswelcomedthischange.Duringthenineteenfifties,Coltraneuseddrugsandalcohol.Hebecamedependentondrugs.Bandleadersdismissedhimbecauseofhisdruguse.Innineteenfifty-seven,Coltranestoppedusingdrugs.VOICEONE:Innineteenfifty-nine,JohnColtranerecordedthefirstalbumofhisownmusic.Thealbumiscalled"GiantSteps."Hereisthetitlesongfromthatalbum.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Coltranealsorecordedanotherfamoussongwithalargerjazzband.ThebandincludedMiltJacksononvibes,HankJonesonpiano,PaulChambersonbassandConnieKayondrums.Hereistheirrecordingof"StairwaytotheStars."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteensixty,ColtraneleftMilesDavisandorganizedhisownjazzgroup.HewasjoinedbyMcCoyTyneronpianozJimmyGarrisononbassandElvinJonesondrums.Thisgroupbecamefamousaroundtheworld.JohnColtrane'smostfamousmusicwasrecordedduringthisperiod.Onesongiscalled"MyFavoriteThings."RichardRogersandOscarHammersteinhadwrittenthesongfortheBroadwaymusical"TheSoundofMusic."JazzcriticssayColtrane'sversionisoneofthebestjazzrecordingsevermade.Therecordbecameverypopular.Itledmanymorepeopletobecomeinterestedinjazz.(MUSIC:"MyFavoriteThings")VOICETWO:CriticssayColtrane'sversionsofotherpopularsongsinfluencedalljazzmusicwriting.Oneofthesewasasongcalled"Summertime."ItwaswrittenbyDuBoseHeywardandGeorgeGershwinfortheopera"PorgyandBess."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteensixty-four,ColtranemarriedpianistAliceMcCloudwholaterbecameamemberofhisband.Hestoppedusingalcohol,andbecamereligious.Hewroteasongtocelebratehisreligiousexperience.Thesongismorethanthirtyminuteslong.Itiscalled"ALoveSupreme."Hereispartofthesong.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Bynineteensixty-five,Coltranewasoneofthemostfamousjazzmusiciansintheworld.HewasfamousinEuropeandJapan,aswellasintheUnitedStates.Hewasalwaystryingtoproduceasoundthatnoonehadproducedbefore.Someofthesoundshemadewerebeautiful.Otherswerelikeloudscreams.MilesDavissaidthatColtranewastheloudest,fastestsaxophoneplayerthateverlived.Manypeoplecouldnotunderstandhismusic.Buttheylistenedanyway.Coltranenevermadehismusicsimplertobecomemorepopular.Coltranecontinuedtoperformandrecordevenashesufferedfromlivercancer.Hediedinnineteensixty-sevenattheageoffortyinLongIsland,NewYork.VOICEONE:ExpertssayJohnColtranecontinuestoinfluencemodernjazz.SomecriticssayoneofColtrane'smostimportantinfluencesonjazzwashisuseofmusicalideasfromothercultures,includingIndia,AfricaandLatinAmerica.WhitneyBalliettofTheNewYorkerMagazinewroteaboutColtranetheyearafterhisdeath:"Peoplesaidtheyheardthedarknight.inColtrane'swildestmusic.Butwhattheyreallyheardwasaheroic.voiceatthemercyofitsownpower."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndI'mShirleyGriffith.JoinusagainnextweekatthistimeforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.