发电成本2023-英_市场营销策划_重点报告202301202_doc.docx

DepartmentforEnergySecurity&NetZeroElectricityGenerationCosts2023FirstpublishedAugust2023;updatedNovember2023OGL©Crowncopyright2023ThispublicationislicensedunderthetermsoftheOpenGovernmentLicencev3.0exceptwhereotherwisestated.Toviewthislicence,visitnationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ODen-government-licence/VerSion/3orwritetotheInformationPolicyTeam,TheNationalArchives,Kew,LondonTW94DU,oremail:DSinationalarch；ves.qsi.qov.uk.Wherewehaveidentifiedanythird-partycopyrightinformationyouwillneedtoobtainpermissionfromthecopyrightholdersconcerned.Anyenquiriesregardingthispublicationshouldbesenttousat:aenerationcostseneravsecuritv.aov.ukContentsAcronymglossary5Introduction7Section 1: HowIevelisedcostsarecalculated10Section 2: Changestogenerationcostassumptions12Renewabletechnologies12Onshorewind&solarPV12Offshorewind14TheCrownEstateLeasingRound414FloatingOffshoreWindandTidalStreamresearch15Non-renewabletechnologies17Hydrogen-firedCCGTs17EnergyfromWaste&AdvancedConversionTechnologies18PowerCCUSandpowerBECCS18Nucleartechnologies18Cross-cuttingassumptions19Fuelcosts&gatefees19Carbonprices19BalancingServicesUseofSystem(BSUoS)charges19Deflatorassumptions20Fuelemissionsfactors20Heatrevenues20Howthedepartmentusesgenerationcostdatainmodelling211.evelisedcostsaresensitivetotheassumptionsused211.evelisedcostsarenotstrikeprices22Section 3: Generationcostestimates24Projectscommissioningin202524Projectscommissioningin203026Projectscommissioningin203528Projectscommissioningin204030Comparisonbetweentechnologiesovertime33ElectricityGenerationCostsReport2023ComparisontopreviousIevelisedcostestimates33Section 4: Peakingtechnologies36AcronymglossaryACTAdvancedConversionTechnologiesADAnaerobicDigestionASPAdministrativeStrikePriceBECCSBioenergywithCarbonCaptureandStorageB日SDepartmentforBusiness,EnergyandIndustrialStrategyBSUoSBalancingServicesUseofSystemCCGTCombinedCycleGasTurbineCCUSCarbonCaptureUsageandStorageCfDContractforDifferenceCHPCombinedHeatandPowerCPFCarbonPriceFloorCPSCarbonPriceSupportDSRDemand-SideResponseEEPEnergyandEmissionsProjectionsEfWEnergyfromWasteEUETSEuropeanUnionEmissionsTradingSystemFiTFeed-inTariffFOAKFirstofaKindHHVHigherHeatingValuekWKilowattkWhKilowatt-hourLCOELevelisedCostofElectricityLHVLowerHeatingValueMWMegawattMWhMegawatt-hourNOAKNthofaKindNPVNetPresentValueOCGTOpenCycleGasTurbineO&MOperationsandMaintenancePPAPowerPurchaseAgreementPVPhotovoltaicWRAPWasteandResourcesActionProgrammeIntroductionElectricitygenerationcostsareafundamentalpartofenergymarketanalysis,andagoodunderstandingofthesecostsisimportantwhenanalysinganddesigningpolicytomakeprogresstowardsnetzero.Thisreport,producedbytheDepartmentforEnergySecurityandNetZeropresentsestimatesofthecostsandtechnicalspecificationsfordifferentgenerationtechnologiesbasedinGreatBritain.Sincethedepartment'slastreport,BEISElectricityGenerationCosts(2020) BElS Electricity Generation Costs (2020) eneration-costs-2020,wehaveupdatedkeyassumptionsthatunderlieouranalysis.Thedepartmenthas: Commissionedanexternalproviderin2020toreviewassumptionsforonshorewindandlarge-scalesolarphotovoltaic(PV). Commissionedanexternalproviderin2020toreviewassumptionsforEnergyfromWaste(EfW)andAdvancedConversionTechnologies(ACT),includingwithCombinedHeatandPower(CHP). Commissionedanexternalproviderin2023toreviewassumptionsforFloatingOffshoreWind(FOW)andTidalStreamEnergy(TSE). Collectedevidenceoncostsforhydrogen-firedcombinedcyclegasturbines(H2CCGT). Updatedothercross-cuttingassumptions,suchasfuelcosts,gatefeesandcarbonprices.Allotherassumptionsremainthesameasinthe2020reportunlessotherwisestated.Inthisreportweconsiderthecostsofplanning,construction,operation,andcarbonemissions,reflectingthecostofbuilding,operatinganddecommissioningagenericplantforeachtechnology.Potentialrevenuestreamsarenotconsidered,exceptforheatrevenuesforCHPplants(seesection3).MostcostsinthisreportarepresentedasIevelisedcosts,whichisameasureoftheaveragecostperMWhgeneratedoverthefulllifetimeofaplant.Allestimatesarein2021realvaluesunlessotherwisestated.1.evelisedcostsprovideastraightforwardwayofconsistentlycomparingthecostsofdifferentgeneratingtechnologieswithdifferentcharacteristics,focusingonthecostsincurredbythegeneratoroverthelifetimeoftheplant.However,thesimplicityofthemeasuremeansthattherearefactorswhicharenotconsidered,includingatechnology'simpactonthewidersystemgiventhetiming,location,andothercharacteristicsofitsgeneration.Forexample,aplantbuiltalongdistancefromcentresofhighdemandwillincreasetransmissionnetworkcosts,whilea,dispatchable,plant(onewhichcanincreaseordecreasegenerationrapidly)willreducethecostsassociatedwithgridbalancingbyprovidingextrapowerattimesofpeakdemand.Ananalysisoftheimpactofthesewider,enhancedIevelisedcosts'werepresentedinour2020report.Generationcost