颐和园景点介绍中英文.docx
颐和园景点介绍中英文中文版颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，全园占地3.009平方公里（其中颐和园世界文化遗产区面积为2.97平方公里），水面约占四分之三。与圆明园毗邻。它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆"。颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地3.009平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位.颐和园前身为清漪园，始建于清朝乾隆十五年（1750）,咸丰十年（I860）被英法联军烧毁。光绪十二年（1886）,清廷挪用海军经费等款项开始重建，并于两年后取用今名，作为慈禧太后的颐养之所。一九零零年又遭八国联军破坏，一九零二年修复。中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、颐和园博物馆、耕织图等重要景区。颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开的造园准则。一九九八年十二月，颐和园被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录，并予以如下评价：1、北京的颐和园是对中国风景园林造园艺术的一种杰出的展现，将人造景观与大自然和谐地融为一体；2、颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用；3、以颐和园为代表的中国皇家园林是世界几大文明之一的有力象征。1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入世界遗产名录。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区02009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。英文版TheSummerPalacezformerlyknownastheGardenofClearSprings,islocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing,15kilometersawayfromthecity.Itcoversanareaof3.009squarekilometers(including2.97squarekilometersoftheSummerPalaceWorldCulturalHeritagearea),threequartersofwhicharecoveredbywater.30AdjacenttotheOldSummerPalace.ItisalargelandscapegardenbuiltonthebaseofKunmingLakeandWanshouMountain,basedontheWestLakeofHangzhouanddrawingonthedesigntechniquesofJiangnangardens.Itisalsothemostcompletepreservedroyalpalaceandgarden,knownasthe"MuseumofRoyalGardens".ThemainscenicareaoftheSummerPalaceconsistsofLongevityHillandKunmingLake.Itcoversanareaof3.009squarekilometers),aboutthreequartersofwhicharewater.Theparknowhasavarietyofpalaces,gardensandancientbuildingsof70,000squaremeters,andisfamousforitspreciousculturalrelicscollection,isoneofthefirstbatchofnationalkeyculturalrelicsprotectionunits.TheSummerPalacezformerlyknownastheGardenofQingyi,wasfirstbuiltinthe15thyearofQianIong1SreignintheQingDynasty(1750)andwasburneddownbytheBritishandFrenchalliedforcesintheIOthyearofXianfeng(1860).Inthe12thyearofGuangxu(1886)ztheQingCourtappropriatednavalfundsandotherfundstorebuilditTwoyearslater,itadoptedthecurrentnameasaresidencefortheEmpressDowagerCixi.Itwasdamagedbytheeight-powerAlliedForcesin1900andrepairedin1902.SincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,theSummerPalacehasbeenrestoredinsuccessiontothefourmajorregions,SuzhouStreet,JingmingTower,theHallofTranquilityztheSummerPalaceMuseum,PlowingandWeaving.TheSummerPalaceisamasterpieceoftraditionalgardenart,takingadvantageofthesurroundinglandscapeenvironment.Itnotonlyhasthegrandeurofanimperialgarden,butalsoisfullofnaturalinterest.IthighlyembodiestheprincipleofChinesegardensthat"thoughmadebyman,itisbetterthanopenedbynature".InDecember1998,theSummerPalacewasinscribedontheUNESCOWorldHeritageListwiththefollowingcomments:1.TheSummerPalaceinBeijingisanoutstandingdisplayoftheartofChineselandscapearchitecture,blendingman-madelandscapewithnatureinharmony;2.2.TheSummerPalaceisaconcentratedembodimentofChinesegardeningideasandpractices,whichplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofOrientalgardenartandculturalforms;3.TheimperialChinesegardens,representedbytheSummerPalace,areapowerfulsymbolofoneoftheworld'sgreatcivilizations.OnMarch4,1961,theSummerPalacewasannouncedasoneofthefirstbatchofnationalkeyculturalrelicsunderprotection.TogetherwithChengdeSummerResortzHumbleAdministrator'sGardenandLingeringGarden,whichwereannouncedatthesametime,theSummerPalacewasnamedasoneofChina'sfourfamousGardens.InNovember1998zitwasaddedtotheWorldHeritageList.OnMay8,2007,theSummerPalacewasofficiallyapprovedbytheNationalTourismAdministrationasanational5Atouristattraction.In2009ztheSummerPalacewasselectedbytheChinaWorldRecordAssociationasthelargestexistingimperialgardeninChina.
