组织管理.docx

1. Organizationalgoalsarethebasisforanorganizationtomotivateemployeesanddepartmentsandcontrolorganizationalandpersonalperformance,andcanprovidedirectionandguidingprinciplesfororganizationaldevelopmentandpersonalwork.Accordingtothegoalsoftheorganization,eachdepartmenthasitsowngoalsandfurtherdividestheworkcontentofeachorganizationmember.Duringtheimplementationoftheplan,theorganizationcancompareandanalyzetheperformanceoftheenterpriseandemployeesaccordingtogoalsandthecurrentresults,andadjustthefutureplan.Objectivesaregenerallyregardedastheobjectivesofthebusinessleveloftheorganization.Theyareusuallythefuturedevelopmentformulatedbyeachdepartmentbasedonthegoalsandstrategiesoftheorganizationandwiththeresponsibilityofthedepartmentasthecore.Objectivesaremorerelevanttothespecificdevelopmentplansandmeasuresofdepartments,andeachdepartmentneedstofollowthespecificpathofObjectivestocompletetasks.Policiesaretherulesandframeworksformulatedbytheorganizationtostimulatetheworkoftheorganizationandindividualsaccordingtotheobjectivesandresponsibilitiesoftheorganizationgoalsandbusinessdepartments.Policiescanalsoaccuratelyconveythevaluesandattitudestowardsstakeholders.GoalsandObjectivesarethebasisforpolicyformulation.Accordingtothecaseinformation,ShangriLaHotel,inordertopromotethedevelopmentofthecompany,firstformulatedgoals,includingincreasingoperatingrevenueandexpandingthenumberofbusinesscustomers,whichprovidesadirectionforthedevelopmentoftheorganization.Eachbusinessdepartmentformulatesitsownobjectivesaccordingtogoals,includingspecificroutesforairportpickupbythebusinessdepartment.ThecompanyanddepartmentpoliciesareformulatedaccordingtoGoalsandObjectives,forexample,theperformanceandbonusresultsofbusinesspersonnelareevaluatedaccordingtothefavorablecommentsofbusinesscustomers.ThisallowsallorganizationmemberstoworktowardsGoalsandObjectives.2. Thedifferencebetweenformalorganizationsandinformalorganizationsisthatformalorganizationscomefromformaltasksintheprocessoforganizationaldevelopment.Informalorganizations,thereisusuallyaclearandreasonabledelegationofauthority.Eachpositionhasaclearmanagementandcontrolscopeandresponsibility.Accordingtotheorganizationalstructure,formalorganizationshaveaclearreportingstructureandmethod,andcanpasstheorganizationalstructure,Toachievethecoordinationandcontroloforganizationalmembers,aformalorganizationusuallyhasclearorganizationalpolicies,objectivesandfunctions.Informalorganizationsaremorelooselyorganizedbasedoninterpersonalrelationships,friendship,interests,etc.Theseorganizationshaveweakcoordinationandcontrolcapabilities,lackclearpostrights,responsibilities,andcontrolscope,andusuallylackclearpoliciesandreportingstructures.Informalorganizationsalsoforminterpersonalnetworks,TherelationshipbetweenmembersOfinformalorganizationsandthefactorsOfinformationtransmissionwillaffecttheemployeeperformanceandworkresultsofformalorganizations.Forexample,thechefteaminShangriLaHotelisaformalorganizationwithachef,adeputychefandachef,whilethechefandtheservicestaff,cleaningstaff,etc.Therestoftheinterpersonalrelationshiporganizationsareinformalorganizations.3. Theopensystemtheoryemphasizesthatanorganizationisanopenanddynamicsystemthatconstantlyinteractswiththeexternalenvironment.Inessence,anorganizationisasubsystemunderthesocialsystem,andalldepartmentswithintheorganizationarealsoconsideredassubsystemsoftheorganization.Allsystemsneedtoexchangeandinteractwithexternalsystems.Therefore,organizationalmanagersneedtoshifttheirmanagementfocusfrominternalresourcestoorganizationalenvironment.Opensystemtheorybelievesthatorganizationalmanagementneedstofullyconsiderorganizationalinputandoutputandsystemstatus,andorganizationaldevelopmentandchangewillaffecttheexternalsystemandinternalsubsystemstoachieveintegrity.ShangriLa,asanorganization,isasubsystemofthesocialsystem.Thesystemneedstoinputcapital,humanresources,informationandequipment,andoutputhigh-qualityservicesandfoodafterprocessingbyvariousdepartmentswithintheorganization.InthedevelopmentprocessofShangriLaHotel,itisnecessarytoconsidernotonlytheexternalfactorssuchasthecompetitivenessofothercompetitorsandfoodpricequalityintheexternalsystem,butalsotheinternalfactorssuchastheenthusiasmandworkskillsoftheinternalstaff.Afterachievingthecoordinationofallsystems,ShangriLaHotelwillfurtherdevelop.4. Thestakeholdertheoryholdsthatstakeholdersrefertoorganizationsandindividualswhoseowninterestsareaffectedbyorganizationaldecisionsandactions.Stakeholdersincludenotonlyinternalstakeholderssuchasshareholders,managersandemployees,butalsoexternalstakeholderssuchascreditors,customers,communityresidents,governmentsandmedia.ThestakeholdersintheShangriLaHotelcaseinclude:Customers:Thequalityoffoodandserviceenjoyedbycustomersinthehotelisgreatlyaffectedbytheorganization.Theyarealsothesourceofthehotel'sprofitsandtheobjectofvalueprovision.Thecustomer'simpressionandevaluationdeterminethesustainabilityofthehotel'sdevelopment.Managers:includingthechefandthegeneralmanager,areimportantmanagersofthishotel.Theyworkth