邹城大束中学语法复习定语从句.docx

邹城大束中学语法复习定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：Who,whom,whose,which,that,as2、关系副词：when,where,why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g.SheisthegirlWhOSingSbestOfaH.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）ThecomradeWithWhOmICameknowsFrench.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用Who作主语，Whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用WhiCh,可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that,可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（-）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g.IwastheonlypersoninourofficeWhOWaSinvited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g.Tom,sfather,WhOisOVersixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别O1）用that而不用which的情况：先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,.；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有。nly,very,any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuiIinwasElephantTrunkHill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用WhiCh而不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,WhiChmadehisfatherveryangry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。ThisistheroominWhiChmyfatherlivedIaSiyear.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame.as,such.as结构中。e.g.IwanttheSameshirtasmyfriend's.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。SUChmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下歹峋型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。e.g.ASIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination,正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3)as引导非限制性定语从句时与WhiCh的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用WhiCh来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用WhiCh引导。e.g.Tbmdrinksaloteveryday,WhiChhiswifedoesn'tlikeatall.2 .关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.3 .定语从句有时不宜接紧拿先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或调语隔开。e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan,tunderstand.4 .引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。5 .g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich(=when)thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.6. 介词在关系代词前，只矩用WhiCh和Whoil,且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有WhiCh,that,whom,口语中也可用Who,且可省略Oe.g.Theman(whom/who/that)youweretalkingabouthascometoschool.练习、定语从句一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.2. Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.3. Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.4. Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon'tstudyhard.5. Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.6. Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.7. Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.8. Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.9. Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.10. Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.11. Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.12. That,sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.13. Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.1.1 1wanttotalktotheboys.Thcirhomeworkhaven'tbeenhandedin.15. Isthatthewoman?Herdaughterisinmyclass.16. Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.17. Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.18. Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.19. Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Attheftofthehilltherewasatemple.20. Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.二、根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1. ThepersonIspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.2. Thepencilhewaswritingbroke.3. WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.4. ThetwothingsMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.5. Herbag,sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.6. ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.三、选择填空：1. ThemanvisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2. Thewomanistalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB. whoC.whomD.which3. Becauseofmypoormemory,allyoutoldmehasbeenforgotten.A.thatB.whichC.whalD.as4. Doyourememberthosedayswespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whohelost last week.5. TomdidnottakeawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecameraA.whichB.thatC.whomD.as6. Thosewanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when7. WhereisthemanImetthismorning?A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who8. Whoisthewomanissweepingtheflooroverthere?A.whoB./C.thatD.when9. Themanyoutalkedjustnowisaworker.D.to whoA.whoB.whomC.towhom10. Themanyouaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather,sneighbour.A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which11. ThedoctorisleavingforAfricanextmonth.A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking12. ThemanaroundourschoolisfromAmerica.A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhimC.youshowedD