美国名人 民权运动领袖 马丁·路德·金 2.docx

美国名人民权运动领袖马丁路德金2ReverendMartinLutherKing,Junior,Pt.2playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByWilliamRogers2005-1-22ANNCR:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.(Theme)Today,ShepO'NealandWarrenScheerfinishthestoryofcivilright'sleader,ReverendMartinLutherKing,Junior.(THEME)VOICEONE:MartinLutherKingwasborninAtlanta,Georgia,innineteentwenty-nine.Hebeganhisuniversitystudieswhenhewasfifteenyearsold,andreceivedadoctoratedegreeinreligion.HebecameapreacheratachurchinMontgomery,Alabama.Innineteenfifty-five,ablackwomaninMontgomerywasarrestedforsittinginthewhitepartofacitybus.DoctorKingbecametheleaderofaprotestagainstthecitybussystem.Itwasthefirsttimethatblacksouthernershadunitedagainstthelawsofracialseparation.VOICETWO:Atfirst,thewhitecitizensofMontgomerydidnotbelievethattheprotestwouldwork.Theythoughtmostblackswouldbeafraidtofightagainstracialseparation.Butthebusesremainedempty.Somewhitesusedtrickstotrytoendtheprotest.TheyspreadfalsestoriesaboutMartinLutherKingandotherprotestleaders.OnestoryaccusedMartinofstealingmoneyfromthecivilrightsmovement.Anotherstorychargedthatprotestleadersrodeincarswhileotherprotestershadtowalk.Butthetricksdidnotwork,andtheprotestcontinued.VOICEONE:DoctorKing'swifeCorettadescribedhowsheandherhusbandfeltduringtheprotest.Shesaid:"Weneverknewwhatwasgoingtohappennext.Wefeltlikeactorsinaplaywhoseendingwedidnotknow.Yetwefeltapartofhistory.AndwebelievedwewereinstrumentsofthewillofGod".ThewhitecitizensblamedDoctorKingforstartingtheprotest.Theythoughtitwouldendifhewasinprisonordead.DoctorKingwasarrestedtwiceonfalsecharges.Hisarrestsmadenationalnewsandhewasreleased.Butthethreatsagainsthislifecontinued.VOICETWO:TheMontgomerybusboycottlastedthreehundredeighty-twodays.Finally,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtruledthatracialseparationwasillegalintheMontgomerybussystem.MartinLutherKingandhisfollowershadwontheirstruggle.Themanymonthsofmeetingsandprotestmarcheshadmadevictorypossible.Theyalsogaveblacksanewfeelingofprideandunity.Theysawthatpeacefulprotest,MahatmaGandhi'sideaofnon-violence,couldbeusedasatooltowintheirlegalrights.VOICEONE:1.ifedidnotreturntonormalforDoctorKingaftertheprotestwasover.Hehadbecomewell-knownalloverthecountryandthroughouttheworld.Heoftenwasaskedtospeakabouthisideasonnon-violence.BothblackandwhiteAmericanssoonbegantofollowhisteachings.Groupswereformedthroughoutthesouthtoprotestpeacefullyagainstracialseparation.Thecivilrightsmovementspreadsofastthatagroupofblackchurchmenformedanorganizationtoguideit.TheorganizationwascalledtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConference.MartinLutherKingbecameitspresident.Inhisjob,DoctorKinghelpedorganizemanyprotestsinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Blacksdemandedtobeservedinareaswhereonlywhiteswerepermittedtoeat.Andtheyrodeintrainsandbusesformerlyforwhitesonly.Theseprotestsbecameknownas"freedomrides."Manyofthefreedomridesturnedviolent.Blackactivistswerebeatenandarrested.Somewereevenkilled.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-three,theblackcitizensofBirminghamrefusedtobuygoodsfromthestoresinthecity.Theydemandedmorejobsforblacks.Andtheydemandedtosendtheirchildrentowhiteschools.Thewhitecitizenswereangryandafraid,buttheyrefusedtomeettheblacks'demands.Thesituationbecametense.Manyprotestorswerebeatenandarrested.EvenDoctorKingwasarrested.Buthewasnotinprisonforlong.TheBirminghamdemonstrationsmadeinternationalnews.Whitessoonsawthatitwaseasiertomeetthedemandsoftheprotestorsthantofightthem.MartinLutherKingandhisfollowershadwonanimportantvictoryinBirmingham.Itmarkedaturningpointforthecivilrightsmovement.MartinLutherKingrecognizedtheimportanceofBirmingham.Itdidnotmeanthatracialseparationhadended.Somestillremainstoday.Buthefeltthatthebattlewasalmostwon.Andhewantedtocallonthenationforitssupport.SodoctorkingorganizedaMarchonWashington,D.C.TheMarchonWashingtontookplaceinAugustznineteensixty-three.Abouttwohundredfiftythousandpersonsgatheredthere.TheycametodemandmorejobsandfreedomforblackAmericans.ThereweretobemanyothermarchesinWashingtonduringthenineteensixtiesandearlyseventies.Butthiswasthebiggestuptothattime.VOICEONE:ItwasinWashingtonthatMartinLutherKinggaveoneofhismostfamousspeeches.Thespeechisknownasthe"IHaveaDreamSpeech."Itexpressedhisideasforthefuture.Doctorkingsaid:(Ihaveadream)VOICETWO:MartinLutherKingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeinnineteensixty-four.Buthedidnotlivetoseethefinalresultsofhislife'swork.HewasshottodeathinMemphis,Tennessee,innineteensixty-eight.DoctorKingalwaysfelthewoulddieaviolentdeath.Hislifehadbeenthreatenedwhereverhewent.Andheoftenspoketohiswifeabouthisfears.Butheneverbelievedthathislifewasmoreimportantthanthecivilrightsmovement.Thenightbeforehediedhespoketohissupporters.Hesaid:(Speechtosupporters)(WeShallOvercome)(THEME)ANNCR:YouhavebeenlisteningtothestoryofcivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKing,Junior.ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyWilliamRodgers.YournarratorswereShepO'NealandWarrenScheer.mDougJohnson.ListenagainnextweekatthistimeforanotherPeopleinAmericapr