美国名人 歌唱家 保罗·罗伯逊（2）.docx

美国名人歌唱家保罗罗伯逊(2)PaulRobesonzPt.2playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:32repeatByShelleyGollust2004-1-10(THEME)ANNCR:NO叫theVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,ShirleyGriffithandSteveEmberfinishthestoryofthelifeofPaulRobeson(ROBEason).Hewasasingerandinternationalpoliticalactivist.(THEME)VOICEONE:BythelateNineteen-Twenties,PaulRobesonhadbecomethemosthighlypraisedblackactorandsingerofthetime.DuringtheNineteen-Thirties,hebecameinvolvedinnationalandinternationalmovementsforpeace,equalrightsforblackAmericans,andbetterlaborconditions.Hetraveledaroundtheworldsinginghissongstosupportthesestruggles.HowevechisfriendshipwiththeSovietUnionbroughtstrongoppositionfromconservativegroupsintheUnitedStates.ManypeopleintheUnitedStatesopposedRobeson'spoliticalbeliefsastooliberalorextreme.AsearlyasNineteen-Forty-OnezAmericangovernmentagencies,ledbytheFederalBureauofInvestigation,reportedlyhadtargetedhimasdangerous.TheyconsideredhispoliticalactivismtobeagainstthebestinterestsoftheAmericangovernment.VOICETWO:DuringWorldWarTwo,theUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionwerealliesfightingagainstNaziGermany.RobesonrecordedseveralRussiansongstohonortheSovietpeople'sdefenseoftheirlandagainsttheNaziinvasion.TheserecordingswerebroadcastintheSovietUnion.ManySovietsoldiersweresaidtohaveheardPaulRobeson'svoicebeforegoingintobattle.Thisisoneofthosesongs.Itiscalled"NativeLand."(MUSIC)VOICEONE:AfterWorldWarTwo,relationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnionbecametense.InthelateNineteen-Forties,Americansfearedcommunismasathreattotheirwayoflife.ThepeopleintheSovietUnionweredeniedthefreedomsthatAmericansenjoyed.TheUnitedStatesjoinedwithothernationstotrytohaltthespreadofcommunismaroundtheworld.Inaddition,thecrimesofSovietdictatorJosefStalinbecamepublic.TheseincludedthekillingofmillionsofpeopleintheSovietUnionwhoopposedhispolicies.Asaresult,manyformerAmericansupportersofcommunismstoppedsupportingtheSovietUnion.VOICETWO:Robeson,however,continuedtosupporttheSovietUnion.Hestillbelievedintheideaofcommunism.AndhebelievedinfriendshipbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.AcongressionalcommitteebeganinvestigatingAmericanswhosupportedcommunismorwhowerefriendsofpeoplewhosupportedit.ThecommitteequestionedRobeson.Herefusedtosayifhewasacommunist.Robesonsawthequestioningasanattackonthedemocraticrightsofeveryonewhoworkedforinternationalfriendshipandforequality.VOICEONE:RobesonalsowascondemnedintheUnitedStatesbecauseofhiscriticismoftheUnitedStatesgovernment.HespokeattheWorldPeaceConferenceinParisinApril,Nineteen-Forty-Nine.HewasreportedtohavesaidhedidnotbelieveblackAmericanswouldfightfortheAmericangovernmentthatoppressedthemagainsttheSovietUnion.ThisstatementbroughtastrongreactionagainsthimfromsomepeopleintheAmericanpress,governmentandpublic.ItledtoriotingataconcertinNewYorkStatewhereRobesonwastoappear.Hundredsofpeoplewereinjuredwhencrowdsthrewstonesatpeopleattendingtheconcert.VOICETWO:InNineteen-Fifty,theAmericanStateDepartmentwithdrewRobeson'straveldocumentbecauseofthepoliticalideasheexpressed.ThispreventedhimfromleavingtheUnitedStatestoperforminothercountries.TheStateDepartmentsaidhistraveltoothercountrieswouldnotbeinthebestinterestoftheUnitedStates.RobesonalsowasbarredfromperforminginmanyplacesintheUnitedStates.Hisconcertswerecanceled.Hisrecordswerewithdrawnfromstores.Recordcompaniesrefusedtoproducenewrecordingsofhissongs.Robesonsaidtheactionsagainsthimwereattemptstosilenceartisticexpression.Hesaidtheywereattemptstocontrolwhompeoplecouldhearandwhattheycouldhear.VOICEONE:InNineteen-Fifty-Two,theMine,MillandSmeltersWorkersUnionofBritishColumbia,Canada,invitedRobesontoattenditsyearlymeeting.AmericansdonotneedapassporttoenterCanada.ButtheUnitedStatesgovernmentbarredhimfromenteringCanadaanyway.SotheunioninvitedhimtosingatanoutdoorconcertintheUnitedStates.TheconcertwasheldatPeaceArchPark.TheparkisinthenorthwesternstateofWashington,ontheborderbetweentheUnitedStatesandCanada.Robesonsangtomorethanthirty-thousandpeopleinbothcountries.Hereisarecordingfromthatconcert.Robesonsangafamouslaborunionsongcalled"JoeHill."(MUSIC)VOICETWO:RobesonperformedatanotheroutdoorconcertatPeaceArchParkthefollowingyear.Attheendoftheprogram,Robesonspoketothethousandsofpeopleattending.Hepromisedtocontinuethefightforfreedomaslongashecould.Hereispartofthatspeech.(SPEECH)VOICEONE:Nineteen-FiftyEightwasanimportantyearforPaulRobeson.HisregainedhispassportthatyearafteraSupremeCourtrulingonasimilarcase.TheSupremeCourtruledthattheStateDepartmentcouldnotwithholdpassportsOfAmericancitizensbecauseoftheirsuspectedbeliefsorthegroupstheyjoined.Abookhewroteabouthislife,"HereIStand/'alsowaspublished.And,thatsameyear;heperformedinaconcertatthefamousCarnegieHallinNewYork.Itwashisfirstappearancethereinelevenyears.Everyseatinthehallwasfilled.PaulRobesonsanganAfrican-Americanspiritualcalled"Didn'tMyLordDeliver."Hereisarecordingfromthatconcert.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:PaulRobesonandhiswifeEssiemovedtoLondonwherehecontinuedtosingandact.Theyalsovisite