美国名人 娜丽·布莱.docx

美国名人娜丽布莱NellieBlyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByNancySteinbach2004-6-19Broacast:June20,2004(THEME)VOICEONE:mShirleyGriffith.VOICETWO:AndmRayFreemanwiththeSpecialEnglishprogram,PeopleinAmerica.EveryweekwetellaboutapersonimportantinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.Today,wetellaboutareporterofmorethanone-hundredyearsago.(THEME)VOICEONE:Theyearwaseighteen-eighty-seven.TheplacewasNewYorkCity.Ayoungwoman,ElizabethCochrane,wantedajobatalargenewspaper.Theeditoragreed,ifshewouldinvestigateahospitalforpeoplewhowerementallysickandthenwriteaboutit.ElizabethCochranedecidedtobecomeapatientinthehospitalherself.SheusedthenameNellieBrownsonoonewoulddiscoverherorherpurpose.Newspaperofficialssaidtheywouldgetherreleasedafterawhile.Toprepare,Nellieputonoldclothesandstoppedwashing.Shewenttoatemporaryhomeforwomen.Sheactedasifshehadseverementalproblems.Shecriedandscreamedandstayedawakeallnight.Thepolicewerecalled.Shewasexaminedbydoctors.Mostsaidshewasinsane.VOICETWO:NellieBrownwastakentothementalhospital.Itwasdirty.Wastematerialwasleftoutsidetheeatingroom.Bugsranacrossthetables.Thefoodwasterrible-hardbreadandgray-coloredmeat.Nursesbathedthepatientsincoldwaterandgavethemonlyathinpieceofclothtoweartobed.Duringthedayzthepatientsdidnothingbutsitquietly.Theyhadtotalkinquietvoices.YetzNelliegottoknowsomeofthem.Somewerewomenwhosefamilieshadputtheminthehospitalbecausetheyhadbeentoosicktowork.Somewerewomenwhohadappearedinsanebecausetheyweresickwithfever.Nowtheywerewell,buttheycouldnotgetout.Nellierecognizedthatthedoctorsandnurseshadnointerestinthepatients'mentalhealth.Theywerepaidtokeepthepatientsinakindofjail.Nelliestayedinthehospitalfortendays.Thenalawyerfromthenewspapergotherreleased.VOICEONE:FivedaysIaterzthestoryofElizabethCochrane'sexperienceinthehospitalappearedintheNewYorkWorldnewspaper.Readerswereshocked.Theywrotetoofficialsofthecityandthehospitalprotestingtheconditionsandpatienttreatment.Aninvestigationledtochangesatthehospital.ElizabethCochranehadmadeadifferenceinthelivesofthepeoplethere.Shemadeadifferenceinherownlifetoo.ShegotherjobattheNewYorkWorld.Andshewroteabookaboutherexperienceatthehospital.ShedidnotwriteitasNellieBrownzhowever,orasElizabethCochrane.Shewroteitunderthenamethatalwaysappearedonhernewspaperstories:NellieBly.VOICETWO:ThechildwhowouldgrowuptobecomeNellieBlywasbornduringtheCivilWar,ineighteen-sixty-four,inwesternPennsylvania.HerfamilycalledherPink.Herfatherwasajudge.Hediedwhenshewassixyearsold.Hermothermarriedagain.Buthernewhusbanddranktoomuchalcoholandbeather.Shegotadivorceineighteen-seventy-ninezwhenPinkwasfifteenyearsold.Pinkdecidedtolearntosupportherselfsoshewouldneverneedaman.Pink,hermother,brothersandsistersmovedtoatownnearthecityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Pinkworkedatdifferentjobsbutcouldnotfindagoodone.Oneday,shereadsomethinginthePittsburghDispatchnewspaper.Theeditorofthepaper,ErasmusWilson,wrotethatitwaswrongforwomentogetjobs.Hesaidmenshouldhavethem.Pinkwrotethenewspapertodisagree.Shesaidshehadbeenlookingforagoodjobforaboutfouryears,asshehadnofatherorhusbandtosupporther.Shesignedit"OrphanGirl".VOICEONE:Theeditorsofthedispatchlikedherletter.Theyputanoteinthepaperasking"OrphanGirl"tovisit.Pinkdid.MisterWilsonofferedherajob.Hesaidshecouldnotsignherstorieswithherrealname,becausenowomanwriterdidthat.Heaskednewswritersforsuggestions.OnewasNellieBlyzthenameofagirlinapopularsong.SoPinkbecameNellieBly.Forninemonths,shewrotestoriesofinteresttowomen.Thensheleftthenewspaperbecauseshewasnotpermittedtowritewhatshewanted.ShewenttoMexicotofindexcitement.Shestayedtheresixmonths,sendingstoriestotheDispatchtobepublished.SoonaftershereturnedtothePittsburghDispatch,shedecidedtolookforanotherjob.NellieBlyleftforNewYorkCityandbeganherjobattheNewYorkWorld.VOICETWO:AsareporterfortheNewYorkWorld,NellieBlyinvestigatedandwroteaboutillegalactivitiesinthecity.Foronestoryzsheactedasifshewasamotherwillingtosellherbaby.Foranother,shepretendedtobeawomanwhocleanedhousessoshecouldreportaboutillegalactivitiesinemploymentagencies.Today,anewspaperreporterusuallydoesnotpretendtobesomeoneelsetogetinformationforastory.Mostnewspapersbansuchacts.ButinNellieBly'sday,reportersusedanymethodtogetinformation,especiallyiftheyweretryingtodiscoverpeopleguiltyofdoingsomethingwrong.NellieBly'ssuccessatthislednewspaperstoemploymorewomen.Butshewasthemostpopularofthewomenwriters.HistoryexpertssayNellieBlywasspecialbecausesheincludedherownideasandfeelingsineverythingshewrote.Theysayherownvoiceseemedtospeakonthepage.NellieBly'sstoriesalwaysprovideddetaileddescriptions.Andherstoriesalwaystriedtoimprovesociety.CriticssaidNellieBlywasanexampleofwhatareportercandozeventoday.Shesaweverysituationasachancetomakearealdifferenceinotherpeople'slivesaswellasherown.VOICEONE:NellieBlymaybebestrememberedinhistoryforatripshetook.Intheeighteen-seventies,FrenchwriterJulesVernewrotethebook"AroundtheWorldinEightyDays."Ittoldofaman'sattempttotravelallaroundtheworld.Hesucceeded.Inreallife,