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JOURNALOFCAVEANDKARSTSTUDIESSTYLE:AGUIDEFORCONTRIBUTORSMalcolmS.FieldOfficeofResearchandDevelopment,U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency,Washington,D.C.20460PreparingapaperforpublicationintheJournalofCaveandKarstStudiesrequiresthattheauthor(s)preparingthemanuscriptconformtotheguidelinessetdownbytheNationalSpeleologicalSociety.ThisdocumentillustratesthebasicmanuscriptformrequiredforconsiderationforpublicationintheJournalofCaveandKarstStudies.JournaltextistypesetusingRomantypeinIheJournalofCaveandKarstStudieswhichrequiresthatjournalnames,suchastheJournalofCaveandKarstStudiesorabiologicalspeciesname,beinitalictype.Forexample,thebiologicalspeciesnamefortheblindcavefish,Amblyopsisrosae,mustappearinitalicformwhentextappearsinRomanformsoastosetoffthescientificnamefromtherestofthetext.INTRODUCTIONTheNationalSpeleologicalSocietyservesthekarstcommunityandsocietyatlargeinseveralways,amongthembypublishingtheJournalofCaveandKarstStudieswhichpresentstheresultsofinvestigations.TheJournalofCaveandKarstStudiesisamultidisciplinaryjournaldevotedtocaveandkarstresearchthatseeksoriginal,unpublishedmanuscriptsconcerningthescientificstudyofcavesand/orkarstfeatures.AuthorsdonotneedtobemembersoftheNationalSpeleologicalSociety(NSS),butpreferenceisgenerallygiventomanuscriptsofimportancetoNorthAmericanspeleology.TheEditoroftheJournalofCaveandKarstStudieshastheresponsibilityformaintainingtheJournalqualityandforreviewingandacceptingpaperssubmittedforpublication.TheseguidelinesderivefromtheJournalEditor,s,AssociateEditors,andAdvisoryBoard,sdefinitionofthestandardsofqualityforscientificresearchanditspublicationintheJournal,andfromthekarstcommunity'sdesireandneedtohaveahigh-qualityjournaldedicatedtokarstscholarship.TheguidelinesthatfollowareintendedtoprovideprospectiveauthorswithclearinstructionsandanexamplefordevelopingmanuscriptssuitableforpublicationintheJournalofCaveandKarstStudies,byensuringpropergrammaticalandaestheticqualityandbyensuringthatthehighestethicalstandardsareadheredtoatalltimes.BASICFORMATOFEVERYPAPEREverypapersubmittedtotheJournalofCaveandKarstStudiesmustfollowthebasicformat.Theacceptedformatisastandardformusedbyallscientificjournals.Toassistauthorswithmanuscriptpreparation,thisMSWordtemplatemaybeused.Althoughsubheadsarenotshown,itisexpectedthatauthorswillclearlydistinguishfirst-,second-,third-,andfourth-levelheadsintheirmanuscriptORDEROFPARTSTheorderofpartsinapaperistitlepage,abstract(exceptincommentsordiscussion,replies,andcorrections),text,notationlist,appendixes,endnotes(ornotes),acknowledgments,references,figurecaptionslist,tables,andfigures.TitlePageAuthorsandCo-Authors,AddressesAbstractIntroductionMaterialsandMethodsResultsandDiscussionSummaryand/orConclusionsNotationsListAcknowledgmentsReferencesAppendicesFigureCaptionsTablesNotallheadingswillbeusedinanygivenmanuscript.Forexample,manuscriptswithnoequationsorveryfewequationswillnotneedaNotationsList.Otherpapersmayhaveheadingnamesdifferentthanthoselisted.Forexample,aMaterialsandMethodsheadingmaybereplacedbyoneormoreappropriatelynamedheadings.NotethattheinterdisciplinarynatureoftheJournalofCaveandKarstStudieswillnecessarilyrequirethattheEditoracceptpapersthatmayvaryconsiderablyfromtheheadingslistedabove.However,thebasicformmustbeadheredtoatalltimes.Belowisabasicscientificstylethatshouldbelooselyfollowed.Itisintendedtobeabasicguidewhilerecognizingthatscientificarticlesoftenrequiresomevariancesfromastandardform.TitlePageManuscriptsshouldbeginwithaconciseinformativetitle.Thetitleshouldthenbefollowedbythename(s)oftheauthor(s),affiliation(s)andaddress(es)oftheauthors,ande-mailaddress,telephone,andfaxnumbersforcommunicatingwiththeauthor(s).AbstractEverypapermustbeprecededbyanabstractofnotmorethan250words.Abstractsshouldconciselysummarizeresearchmethods,results,andconclusions,butnotincludecitationstoreferences.IntroductionTheintroductionshouldconsistofabriefdiscussionofthenatureoftheproblem,relevantliteraturereview,andthepurposeofthepaper.Thelengthandlevelofdetailincludedaresubjecttotheauthor'sdiscretion,butwilllikelydependontheextentoftheproblemandtheauthor,ssenseofhowmuchintroductorymaterialisneededtodefinetheproblem.MaterialsandMethodsMaterialsandmethods,asomewhatgenericheading(authorsmaysubstitutemorespecificheadingnamesasdeemedappropriate),shouldprovidesufficientinformationtoallowreplicationofthestudy,sproceduresandresults.ResultsandDiscussionTheresultsanddiscussionsection(s)mayappeartogetherorasseparateheadings.Theresultssectionshouldfocusspecificallyontheoutcomeofthestudy.Datashouldbepresentedasconciselyaspossible,preferablyintabularformwheneverpossible.Thediscussionshouldbeaninterpretationoftheresultsandtheirsignificance.Appropriatereferencestootherrelevantpublicationsusuallyformanintegralpartofadiscussion.Summaryand/orConclusionsAbriefsummaryofthestudyfindingsoradiscussionoftheconclusionsofthereportedstudyshouldfollowtheresultsanddiscussionsection.AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsshou