托福作文写作范文详解view.docx

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingRobertE.Pearywasawell-knownadventurerandarcticexplorerwhoin1909setouttoreachtheNorthPole.Whenhereturnedfromtheexpedition,heclaimedtohavereachedthepoleonApril7l1909.Thisreportmadehimintoaninternationalcelebrity.ThoughsomehistorianshaveexpresseddoubtsthatPearydidinfactreachtheNorthPole,threeargumentsprovidestrongsupportforthetruthofPearyzsclaim.First,theNationalGeographicSocietyputtogetheracommitteethatwasinstructedtoconductathoroughinvestigationofPearyzsrecordsandequipment.Attheendoftheinvestigation,thecommitteeconcludedthatPeary'saccountswereconsistentandpersuasiveanddeclaredthathehadindeedreachedtheNorthPole.Second,arecentexpeditionprovidessupportforPeary,sclaimthathereachedtheNorthPoleinonly37daysaftersettingoutfromEllesmereIslandoffthecoastofGreenland.SkepticsusedtoarguethatPearycouldnothavetraveledthatfast.Sinceevenmodernsnowmobilestakelongertocoverthesamedistance.HoweverzaBritishexplorernamedTomAveryrecentlymadethesametrekinlessthan37days.InfactzAveryusedthesamekindofdogsledandthesamenumberandbreedofdogsasPearyhad.Thus,Pearyzsclaimsarenotimpossible,andheverywellmighthavebeentellingthetruth.ThirdztherearephotographstakenbyPearythatsupporthisclaimtohavereachedtheNorthPole.MeasuringtheshadowsinPearyzsphotographsmakesitpossibletocalculatetheSunrspositioninthesky.TheSun,spositionestablishedfromthephotographscorrespondsexactlytotheSurfspositionasitshouldhavebeenattheNorthPoleonthatday.ThisprovidesstrongevidencethatPearyreachedtheNorthPoleandtookthephotographsthere.ListeningThere'snosolidevidencethatRobertPearyreachedtheNorthPole.TheargumentscitedinthereadingselectionarenotConVinCing.First,itistruethattheNationalGeographicSocietycommitteedeclaredthatPearyhadindeedreachedtheNorthPolezbutthecommitteewasnotcompletelyobjective.Infact,thecommitteewascomposedofPearyzstrip.Moreover,theinvestigationlastedonlytwodays.AndaccordingtoPearyhimself,thecommitteedidnotexaminehisrecordscarefully.Sothecommittee'sconclusionseembiasedandthereforearenottrustworthy.Second,thespeedissue.TomAvery,sjourneywasdifferentfromPearyzsinimportantways.Forexample,AveryzSsledwassimilartoPearyzssledzbutAverycarriedmuchlessweightthanPearydid,becauseAverydidnottransporthisfoodonthesled.Avery,sfoodwasdroppedalongthewaybyairplane.Moreover,Averyencounteredhighlyfavorableweatherconditions,unlikePearywhotravelledinveryunfavorableconditions.SoAvery,sspeedytripwastoodifferentfromPearyzstoprovidesupportforPeary,sclaims.Third,thephotographsdonotproveanything.ThetechniquesscientistsusetodeterminetheSunzspositiondependonmeasuringtheshadowsinthephotographsveryprecisely.Withoutaprecisemeasurementoftheshadows,wecannotestablishtheSunzsexactposition.NowzPeary1spictureswerephotographedahundredyearsagousingaprimitivecamerathattookfuzzyzslightlyunfocusedphotographs.Moreover,thephotoshavebecomefadedandwornovertime.Asaresult,theshadowsinPeary'sphotographslookblerredandfaded.ThoseshadowscannotbeusedtocalculatethepositionoftheSunwithgreataccuracy.SowecannotbeconfidentthephotoswerereallytakenattheNorthPole.一、阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassage1. First,theNationalGeographicSocietyputtogetheracommitteethatwasinstructedtoconductathoroughinvestigationofPeary'srecordsandequipment.2. Second,arecentexpeditionperformedbyAveryunderthesimilarconditionsprovidessupportforPeary,sclaimthathereachedtheNorthPoleinonly37days3. TheSun'spositionestablishedfromthephotographscorrespondsexactlytotheSurfspositionasitshouldhavebeenattheNorthPoleonthatday.Lecture1. ThecommitteewasnotcompletelyobjectiveduetothefactthatitwascomposedofPearyzsclosefriendwhofundedthetripanditwasnotcarefulduringtheinvestigation.2. Avery,sfoodwasdroppedalongthewaybyairplanebutnottransportedonthesled.Averyencounteredhighlyfavorableweatherconditions,unlikePearywhotravelledinveryunfavorableconditions.3. Pearyzspictureswerephotographedahundredyearsagousingaprimitivecamerathattookfuzzyzslightlyunfocusedphotographs.Moreover,thephotoshavebecomefadedandwornovertime.Withoutaprecisemeasurementoftheshadows,wecannotestablishtheSun'sexactposition.二、范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Inthereadingmaterial,theauthorraisesthreestrongargumentstosupporthisclaimthatPearyindeedreachedtheNorthPole.Thelecturer,however,disputesthatthosereasonsarenotconvincingatall.此段功能首段提出问题，指出双方的矛盾点，为下面的论述做好了铺垫。此段结构此段是并列结构，分别概括介绍了双方的观点。Paragraph2Firstly,itissaysthattheNationalGeographicSocietyCommitteeconductedathoroughinvestigationwhichprovedthetruthofPearyzsclaim.Howeverzthespeakercastsdoubtontheobjectivityoftheclaim.HearguesthatthecommitteewascomposedofPearyzsfriendsandactuallyPearywasoneofthedonators.Moreovertheinvestigationlastedforashortperiodandthuswasnotvalidatall.此段功能提出了文章与演讲中的第一个矛盾点。文章指出国际地理协会经过调查证实了Peary到达北极的论断。而演讲指出，这一协会的权威性应受到质疑，因为它主要由Peary的朋友组成并且Peary本人就是赞助者之-O同时这一调查持续的时间很短，真实性存在疑问。此段结构此段并列结构，就文章中的证据演讲一一反驳。Paragraph3Second,thewriterpointsoutthatAveryreachedtheNorthPoleundersimilarconditionsasPearybutinashortertimeperiodthanPearydidzwhichindicatesthepossibilityofPearyzssuccess.Thelecturer,yetza