托福作文写作范文详解tera.docx

托福作文写作范文详解ReadingArecentstudyrevealsthatpeopleespeciallyyoungpeoplearereadingfarlessliteraturenovels,playszandpoemsthantheyusedto.Thisistroublingbecausethetrendhasunfortunateeffectsforthereadingpublic,forcultureingeneral,andforthefutureofliteratureitself.Whiletherehasbeenadeclineinbookreadinggenerally,thedeclinehasbeenespeciallysharpforliterature.Thisisunfortunatebecausenothingelseprovidestheintellectualstimulationthatliteraturedoes.Literatureencouragesustoexerciseourimaginations,empathizewithothers,andexpandourunderstandingoflanguage.Sobyreadinglessliterature,thereadingpublicismissingoutonimportantbenefits.Unfortunately,missingoutonthebenefitsofliteratureisnottheonlyproblem.Whatarepeoplereadinginstead?Considertheprevalenceofself-helpbooksonlistsofbestsellers.Theseareusuallysuperficialpoorlywritten,andintellectuallyundemanding.Additionally,insteadofsittingdownwithachallengingnovel,manypersonsarenowmorelikelytoturnonthetelevision,watchamusicvideo,orreadaWebpage.Clearly,divertingtimepreviouslyspentinreadingliteraturetotrivialformsofentertainmenthasloweredthelevelofcultureingeneral.Thetrendofreadinglessliteratureisallthemoreregrettablebecauseitistakingplaceduringaperiodwhengoodliteratureisbeingwritten.Therearemanytalentedwriterstoday,buttheylackanaudience.Thisfactisboundtoleadpublisherstoinvestlessinliteratureandsosupportfewerseriouswriters.Thuszthewritingaswellasthereadingofliteratureislikelytodeclinebecauseofthepoorstandardsoftoday'sreaders.ListeningProfessor:Itisoftensaidthatpeoplearereadinglessliteraturetodaythantheyusedto.Whatshouldofthis?Wellfirst,abookdoesn'thavetobeliteraturetobeintellectuallystimulating.Sciencewritinghistory,politicalanalysisandsofortharen'tliteratureperhaps,buttheyareoftenofhighqualityandthesekindsofbookscanbejustascreativeandwell-writtenasanoveloraplayTheycanstimulatetheimagination.Sodon'tassumethatsomeonewhoisn'treadingliteratureisnztreadingagoodbook.Butlet'ssaythatpeoplearen'tjustspendinglesstimewithliterature,theyarealsospendinglesstimewithbooksingeneral.Doesthatmeanthatthecultureisindecline?Nozthere'splentyofculturallyvaluablematerialthatisn'twritten-musicandmovieszforexample.Arepeoplewastingtheirtimewhentheylistentoabrilliantsongorwatchagoodmovie?Dothesenon-Iiteraryactivitieslowerculturalstandards?Ofcoursenot.Culturehaschanged.Intoday'sculture,therearemanyformsofexpressionavailableotherthannovelsandpoems.Andsomeofthesecreativeformsspeakmoredirectlytocontemporaryconcernsthanliteraturedoes.Finally,it'sprobablytruethatthere'slesssupportforliteraturetodaythaninearliergenerations.Butdon'tbetooquicktoblamethereaders.Sometimesit'stheauthor'sfaults.Let'sbehonest.Alotofmodernliteratureisintendedtobedifficulttounderstand.Hereisnotmuchreasontosupposethatearliergenerationsofreaderswouldhavereadalotoftoday'sliteratureeither.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageMainpoints:Readinglessamongyoungpeoplehasunfortunateeffects.Subpoint1:Declinesharpforliteraturecausemissingoutonimportantbenefits.Subpoint2:Divertingtimehasloweredthelevelofculture.Subpoint3:Writingislikelytodeclinesincepoorstandardsofreaders.LectureAttitude:Why?SubPointl:Doesn'thavetobeliteraturetobeintellectuallystimulating.(History,Political,creative,imagination.)SubPoint2:Lesstimewithbookdoesnotmeancultureisindecline.(Musicandmovieszmoredirectly.)SubPoint3:Writerswritemodernliteraturedifficulttounderstand.范文逐段赏析Paragraph1ThelecturerraisesseveralargumentstoCounterthereadingpassage*sstrongcriticismofthepublic'sdeclininginterestinliterature.此段功能：（Listeningpassage后文提到用L代替）（Readingpassage后文用R代替）以L的观点为主要观点，作者写出：L做了好几个针对R关于公众对于文学兴趣下降的批评的反驳。此段结构：由一句话确认逻辑为反并且总结了R的观点，非常简洁的为论述做好了铺垫。Paragraph2Thelecturerarguesthatliteratureisonlyoneamongmanygenresfromwhichthepubliccanbenefitintellectually.Thepublicalsobenefitsfromreadingworksofsciencefictionandhistoricalnovelszamongothersgenres.Therefore,thereadingpassageiswrongtoclaimthatthepublicissufferinggreatlossesbynotreadingliterature.此段功能：作者其实是先表示L准备反驳R的第一论点，R认为文文学著作是社会中唯种可以获得智慧收益的种类。L说其实民众读科幻，历史小说或者别的种类也能收益。所以，R声明的民众不读文学就会有损失是完全错误的。此段结构：此段为分总结构。起手先表示L反对R的第一点，并详细补充了第一点。经过一番举反例后，达到了证明R是错误的目的。Paragraph3Furthermore,thelecturerexplainsthatevenifitistruethatthepublicisreadingfewerbooksandwatchingmoretelevisionandfilmsinstead,thisdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatcultureisindecline.Televisionandfilmaresimplymodernformsofculturalexpressionthatarealsointellectuallystimulatinganddirectlyrelevanttocontemporarylife.此段功能：在第二点的论证上。L解释就算公众现在读书少了，看的电视电影更多了，也并一定意味着文化的退化。电视和电影就是一种现代文化的表现形式也能增加收益并且和生活息息相关。此段结构：此段为分总结构。以L开头，在if后面总结了R的观点，然后说L对其不同意，最后一句总结了L的意见。Paragraph4Finally,thelectureradmitsadeclineinaudienceandsupportofliteratureintoday*ssociety,butsheattributesittotheauthorsthemselves.Shesaystheyhavealienatedthemselvesfromthereadingpublicbyusingoverlycomplexlanguage,structure,andcontent.Thereading,incontrast,blamestheloweredstandardsofthepublicforthedeclininginterestinreadinggreatworksofliterature.此段功能：在最后一点里先承认读者数量的下降但是他觉得这应该归咎于作者。L认为作家们使用了过度