计算机基础英文版.ppt

Chapter 1 Introduction and OverviewInstructorMaster of Science,University of Bradford, Software Engineering Teaching Assistant, Heilongjiang University, College of Information Science and technology Office 1-208About this Course120 minutes per lectureEvery lecture week from 1 to 14 2-100 Lab 3E , No. 1 blockEvery lecture week from 1 to 14What we will coverComponents of computerOperating systemInternet Word 2003 Excel 2003 PowerPoint 2003 GradingWorkaday Assignments 70% Basic Knowledge of Computer 25% Microsoft Office 45% Final Exam 30% All deadlines are hard! No exceptions!Welcome to Computer Anatomy LabCourse Goals: What is computer and what does it do? What are components of a computer?Computer AnatomyComputer AnatomyKey wordsuOperate uProcessuStorageuPortuInstructionDefinition of Computer A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stores in its own memory, which can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (processing), produce results (output), and store the results for future use (storage). The Components of a ComputerThe Components of a ComputerOutput ProcessingStorage Input Devices: Translate words, sounds, images, and actions that people understand into symbols that the system unit can process.Input devices How many kinds of input devices have you used?Input devicesKeyboard : one of the most common ways to input data is by keyboard.Escape Key: Typically cancel a selection or a procedure.FUNCTION KEYSNUMERIC KEYBOARDWindows KeySpacebarNavigation KEYSInput devicesMouse: The mouse move the cursor on the screen.Single-click an item to select it; double-click to perform an actionSingle-clicking on an object typically displays a shortcut menu of options.Input devicesFloppy disk A floppy disk is used to transfer small amount of data. They are called “floppy” because they are used to be large and floppy. Today floppy disk are small and enclosed in an plastic cases. They are about three and half inches and often called 3” floppies, they hold 1.44 MB (mega byte) of data. Input devicesRemovable Disk:Input DevicesSome Other Input DevicesTouch screenOptical ScannersBar code readerDigital camerasMicrophoneThe Components of a ComputerInputProcessingStorage Output Devices: Translate symbols processed by the system unit into words, sounds images, and actions that people understandOutput Devices How many kinds of output devices have you used?Output DevicesMonitors : The most frequently used output device is the monitor. The window which allowed you to see what is being processed by the computer.Output DevicesPrinter : Speaker: speaker are optional, but are a great addition to any computer.Output DevicesSome Other Output DevicesAs with input devices, there are many ways to get data of your computer, here are some other examples: modems, PDA, tape drives, other computers on a network, video tape, and more. Some Other Output DevicesSome Other Output Devices1, Headphone is the most widely used _ devices. A) audio-input B) audio-output C) personal D) multifunctional 2, What are combination input and output devices? Describe four such devices.The Components of a ComputerInputOutput Storage PROCESSING (SYSTEM UNIT)Contains most of the computers electronic componentsSystem Unit Processing data such as printing a document, or playing a video requires the participation of input , output and storage hardware, plus the components of the Lets take a look at the system unit and its components. System UnitElectronic Data System boardMemoryCentral Processing UnitPorts Bus Lines Electronic Data It is because computers cannot recognize information the same way you and me can. The most fundamental statement you can make about electricity is it can be either on or off.Electronic DataThe , however, consists of only two digits- 0 and 1. each 0 or 1 is called a -short for nary digi . bits are combined into groups of eight bits called . Each byte typically represents one character.System Board (mother board)System Board (mother board)The system board also known as the motherboard connects all the system component and allows input devices and output devices to communicate with the system unit. Central Processing Unit (CPU) The CPU coordinates all the components The PCI cards, the hard drives and the bus cables are all coordinated by the CPU, the central Processing Unit. Memory Random-access memory (RAM) chips hold the program and data that the CPU is presently processing.Read-only memory (ROM) chips have programs built into them at the factory.Ports A Ports is connecting sockets on the outside of the system.lSerial ports : mouse, keyboard, modemlParallel ports : printerlUniversal serial bus ports lHigh performance serial bus (FireWire ports) video camerasBus LinesAddress busControl busData bus Bus Lines运算器运算器控制器控制器存储器存储器输入设备输入设备输出设备输出设备CPU主机主机外部设备外部设备 数据传输线数据传输线 控制线号线控制线号线The Components of a ComputerInputOutput ProcessingStorage Devices:Storage holds data, instruction, and i