国际贸易01.ppt

INTERNATIONAL TRADE PRACTICE Chapter OneChapter OneGeneral General IntroductionIntroductionA：key terms 1. international payment and settlement2. Uneven distribution3. comparative advantage 4. labor intensive economy 5. market share6. economies of scale7. cost advantage 8. supplying country1. 国际收支与结算国际收支与结算 2.不均衡分配不均衡分配 3.比较优势比较优势 4.劳动密集型经济劳动密集型经济 5.市场份额市场份额6. 规模经济规模经济 7.成本优势 8.供给国 B：key terms 9. Demanding country 10. bewilder11. hamper12. Foreign currency13. Exchange rate14. Target market15. Chinese embassy16. Creditability 17.Export license 18.quota9. 需求国10. 使迷惑、使难住使迷惑、使难住11. 妨碍、阻止妨碍、阻止12. 外币外币13. 汇率汇率14. 目标市场目标市场15. 中国大使馆中国大使馆16.可信性可信性 17.出口许可证18. 定量、配额C：key terms 19. Barter trade20.Credit reference 21.Direct transit trade22.Commodity inspection 23.Customs clearance24.Documentation25. Entrepot trade26.Comparative advantage27.Direct trade28.Domestic trade29.Export license19. 易货贸易、实物贸易 20.资信证明 21.直接过境贸易22.商检 23. 清关、结关24. 文件整理25. 转口贸易26.比较优势、相对优势27.直接贸易28.国内贸易29.出口许可证D：key terms 30.General trade31.International trade 32.Special trade33.Export trade34.Indirect trade35.Invisible trade36.Transit trade37.free-liquidation trade38.Import procedures39.Indirect transit trade40.Visible trade30. 一般贸易一般贸易31.国际贸易国际贸易32.特殊贸易特殊贸易33.出口贸易出口贸易34.间接贸易间接贸易35.无形贸易无形贸易36.过境贸易过境贸易37.自由结算贸易自由结算贸易38.进口程序进口程序39.间接过境贸易间接过境贸易40.有形贸易有形贸易 1.1 Concept of international trade Differences from domestic trade about the sales contract Reasons for international trade Export Procedures 1.6 Exercises 1.1 Concept of international trade International trade / world trade / foreign trade / overseas trade The fair and deliberate exchange of goods and services across national boundaries. Concerning trade operations of both import and export Including the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods. 1.2 Reasons for international trade Resource reasons Natural resources Human resources Technology Economic reasons Benefits Comparative advantage (David Ricardo) Economies of scale Other reasons 1.3 Differences from domestic trade Deals transacted in foreign languages and Cultural differences Under foreign laws, customs and regulations or international rules Foreign currency is used, therefore easily influenced by the fluctuation of foreign exchange rate, interest rate, etc. Higher risks: Political risks, Commercial risks, Financial risks, Transportation risks More complex business procedures therefore managers need a broader range of management skills1.4 Export Procedures返回返回 Two forms of business negotiation: in words, i.e. face-to-face negotiation or negotiation through telephone in writing, i.e. business correspondence which includes letters, faxes, e-mails, telex, etc. four main steps involved: enquiry, offer, counter-offer and acceptance. A trade contract is an agreement which is concluded between seller and buyer based on an accepted offer and which sets forth biding obligations of the parties concerned. subject to United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG) a contract can be formal, informal, simple or complicated, written or oral. 1.5About the negotiation: 1.5.2 About the sales contractContract: also named confirmation a sales contract/confirmation vs. a purchase contract/confirmationA contract is more formal and contains more details than a confirmation but equally binding on the parties concerned A sales contract normally includes: (see Specimen 1.1-1.2)full name, address and other necessary information of the seller and the buyerdescription of the commodity involved, including name, quality, quantity and packaging etc. all terms agreed upon, including price, delivery, transportation, insurance, payment, inspection, claims, force majeure, arbitration, etc.date on and place at which the contract is signed and the signature of the buyer and the sellerImportance of a written contract it is the only document between S and B that evidences their respective rights and obligations. It serves as the basis for the performance of the contract and also the settlement of disputes. 1.6 Exercises International trade is also known as world trade,foreign trade, overseas trade.etc. Back1: What is international trade? It refers to the process of fair and deliberate exchange of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of more currencies, besides, international trade concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchases and sale of both visible and invisible goods.返回返回1.6 Exercises 2：Explain the differences between international trade and domestic trade. International trade differs from domestic trade in that it involves activities that take place across national borders, and therefore invariably subject to the political, social , economic and environmental polices of nations. In particular, intrnational trade is more subject to 返回返回1.6 Exercises 2：Explain the differences between international trade and domestic trade. language habits, meaning and cultural differences, Fo