医学微生物学课件.ppt

Respiratory virusesRespiratory viruses 问题呼吸道病毒感染呼吸道病毒种类流感病毒（Influenza Virus）生物学性状n80-120 nmn8 Structural proteins:uGlycoproteinsvHA (H1-H15)vNA (N1-N9)uM1, M2u8 nucleocapsid segmentsvRNA, NP, PB1, PB2, PAnHA-attachment to receptors,initiationnNA-degradation of receptors, release主要抗原结构核糖核蛋白（RNP）血凝素（Hemagglutinin, HA）神经氨酸酶（Neuraminidase, NA）抗原变异机制Influenza pandemics associated with antigenic shiftEpidemicwhere do “new” HA and NA come from?where do “new” HA and NA come from?why do we not have influenza B pandemics? 致病性Influenza natural course微生物学诊断Specimens: throat swabs, NPS, nasal aspirates, sputumCulture: conventional, rapidDirect detection (EIA, IF, PCR)Serologic response: 4-fold or greater rise in IgG titers预防金刚烷胺NA Inhibitor副粘病毒（Paramyxoviruses） 副粘病毒共同性状 麻疹病毒（Measles Virus）viremiaMEASLES - Kopliks spotsMurray et al. Medical Microbiology Kopliks spotsMEASLES - RASHCDC - B.RiceMurray et al. Medical Microbiology 副流感病毒呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）Respiratory Syncytial VirusMumps virus（腮腺炎病毒）（腮腺炎病毒）腮腺炎病毒（Mumps virus）发现史型别与分组致病性腺病毒引起的主要疾病swimming pool conjunctivitis免疫性微生物学诊断预防风疹病毒（Ruella virus）Rhinovirus（鼻病毒）（鼻病毒）冠状病毒 Coronavirus，CoV重症急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒SARS Coronavirus, SARS CoVSARS症状生物学性状SARS GenomeSARS传播和流行中国的SARS流行诊断预防Reovirus(呼肠孤病毒呼肠孤病毒)