The life-history of Sphaceloma ampelinmn de Bary.docx

The1.ife-historyofSphace1.omaampe1.inmndeBaryAUTHORSHEAR.C.1.Journa1.Phytopatho1.ogy1929Vo1.19No.7pp.673679ppThefunguscommon1.yknownasSphace1.omaampeinumEsinoeampeinaOrG1.oeosporiumamophagumR.A.M.viii.p.109isthecauseofvineanthracnoseintheeasternUnitedStatesandEurope.Via1.aandPacottetdescribeditin1904and1905asproducingtwoorthree11idiastages(inc1.udingpycnidia)andanascosporayeastform.TheynameditManginiaameina.Thewriterfoundthattheconidiabudreadi1.yincu1.ture,producingformsresemb1.ingJheyeastsdescribedintheFrenchpapers,whi1.ebodiesrrespondingtothecystswerea1.sofoundinthemyce1.ium:theotherformsoffructification,however.Werenotdetected.Astudyofc1.ose1.ya1.1.iedorganisms,e.g.,G.VenetUm,andthecitrusscabfungusSpkacefoma,orSporotrichumcitri(E1.sinoefaivcettii.1.eadsth©writertosuspectthatVa1.a'sandPacotte1.'scu1.tureswereimpure.Themarkedsimi1.aritybetweencu1.turesoftheraspberryanthrac-nosefungus(G.VenetUm)andthoseofthegrapeanthracnosefungussuggeststhatthetwoaregenerica1.1.yidentica1.Aquantityo1.severe1.ycankeredvinestemswereobtainedfromNorfo1.k.Virginia,andkeptout-of-doorsoverwinteratWashington.Inthespringtheo1.dcankerswerefoundtobearascarpsveryCIoSeIyresemb1.ingthosedescribedinPectodisce1.aVenetaE1.sinoeVenetahtheperfectstageofG.vene1.m.1.atersomeoftheascocarpsShOwednear1.ymatureasciandhya1.ine,trseptateascosporesmeasuring15to16by4to4.5.Sing1.eascosporecu1.turesu1.dnotbeobtainedfromthismateria1.,andthereforetheevidenceofageneticconnexionbetweenG.ampeophagmandtheascocarpsinthecankersisatpresentmere1.ycircumstantia1.Itisdifficu1.ttoseparatethegrapeandtheraspberryanthracnoseorganismsoncu1.tura1.ormorpho1.ogica1.groundsneitherth©condia1.ortheascogenousstage,butDr.AnnaE.Jenkinshasshownby(unpub1.ished)inocu1.ationexperimentsthattheyareat1.eastphysio1.ogica1.1.ydistinct,theraspberryfungusbeingunab1.etoinfectthegrape.Theascarsofthegrapeanthracnosefungusconsistchief1.yofPSeUdoParenChymatoUStissueinwhictheasc.containinghya1.ine.3-septateascospores.15to16by4to4.5.areirregu1.ar1.yembedded.ThegenusP1.ectodisce1.1.adescribedbyWoronichin(Myco1.Centra1.b1.iv.p.2251.1914)isbasedonP.pynibid.,viii,p.469,thecauseofa1.eafspotofapp1.eandpearintheCaucasus.Ithasaverysimi1.arascocarptothatofthegrapefungus,butmoreregu1.arinout1.ine,andWithadefinitedark-cok>uredoutercovering.ThegenusE1.sinoe.thetypespeciesofwichisE.Canava1.1.iaeRac.1900.evident1.yc1.ose1.yresemb1.esP.veetaandthegrapeorganism,andtheauthorconsidersthatonthebasisofprioritythegenericnameoftheapp1.e,RUbU$,andgrapefungishou1.dbeE1.sinoe.TheascogenousstagefoundonthegrapeisreferredtothisgenusasE.ampe1.>a.RaciborskidescribedaspeciesofE1.sinoeonVitis1.eavesinJavaasE.vit>co1.a.anditispossib1.ethatthisorganism,whichagreesctoseywiththegrapefungus,isasynonymofE.ampe1.ina(deBary)Shear,b.