伯南克第一课英文讲义.docx

伯南克第一课英文讲义北京时间3月21日凌晨，美联储主席伯南克稍早时在乔治-华盛顿高校商学院进行了针对该院学生系列讲座的第一讲，题目为：美联储的基本使命。以下是伯南克本次讲座的英文讲义全文。（资料来源于美联储网站）TheFedera1.ReserveandtheFinancia1.CrisisOriginsandMissionoftheFedera1.Reserve,1.ecture1GeorgeWashingtonUniversitySchoo1.ofBusinessMarch20,2012,12:45p.m°App1.ausePresidentSteveKnapp:We1.1.,goodafternoon.IthinkthestudentsheremayknowwhoIambutforthosewhoarewatchingthebroadcast,mSteveKnapp,PresidentofGeorgeWashingtonUniversity.Andit'eyoutotoday'sfirstc1.assintheseriesentit1.edRef1.ectionsontheFedera1.Reserveanditsp1.aceintoday'seconomy,featuringtheChairmanoftheFedera1.Reserve,Dr.BcnBcmanke.mp1.easedtoacknow1.edgethatwehavewithustwooftheuniversity'strustees,Ne1.sonCarbone1.1.andMarkShenkman,anda1.soanumberoffacu1.tymembersarehereintheaudienceandsomeofthemwi1.1.beteaching1.aterintheseries.Todayisthefirstuniversity1.ectureseriesde1.iveredbyasittingChairmanoftheFedera1.Reserve.Ithinkitdoesprovideanextraordinaryopportunityforthestudentswhoarehereinthec1.assroom,buta1.soforthosewatchingon1.ine.Theyhaveanopportunitytogaininsightintothenation'scentra1.bankingsystemandawiderangeofissuesthataffectthiscountryandthewor1.d.Idowanttosaythattherearemicrophonesavai1.ab1.eforthestudents,andcertain1.yencourageyouwhentheChairman's1.ectureisovertoavai1.yourse1.fofthoseandwehopethere'1.1.bea1.ive1.yexchangeofquestionsandanswersattheendofthe1.ecture.It'snowadistincthonortointroducetheChairmanoftheBoardofGovernorsoftheFedera1.ReserveSystem,Dr.BenBcrnankc.Dr.Bernanketookofficein2006,andisnowservingasecondtermasChairman.Hea1.soservesasChairmanoftheFedera1.Reserve'sOpenMarketCommittee.BeforehisappointmentasChairman,Dr.Bernankewasinvo1.vedwiththeFedera1.Reserveinsevera1.ro1.esasaMemberoftheBoardofGovernors,asavisitingscho1.ar,andasamemberoftheAcademicAdvisoryPane1.attheFedera1.ReserveBankofNewYork.Hea1.soSerVedasChairmanofthePresident'sCounci1.ofEconomicAdvisersfromJune2005toJanuary2006.NowChairmanBernankeisnostrangertoacademia.He'sbeenafacu1.tymemberatPrinceton,StanfordandNewYorkUniversity,aswe1.1.astheMassachusettsInstituteofTechno1.ogy.He'she1.daGuggenheimandaS1.oanFe1.1.owship,andisafe1.1.owoftheEconometricSocietyandtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences.ChairmanBernankereceivedaBache1.orofArtsfromHa11fardUniversityandaPhDfromMIT.1.adiesandgent1.emen,ingChairmanoftheFedera1.Reserve,Dr.BenBernanke.App1.auseChairmanBenBcrnanke:Thankyouverymuch,PresidentKnapp.Gee,thisisgreat.ThisiswhatIusedtodobeforeIgotinthis1.ineofworkfor23yearsandI'vea1.waysenjoyedengagingwithco1.1.egestudents.Sothankyouforbeinghere,andIhopewedohaveagoodconversation.1.etmeparticu1.ar1.ythankPresidentKnappandProfessorFortandGeorgeWashingtonUniversity.Aseverybodyhereknows,these1.ecturesarepartofarea1.courseandafterIgetoffthescenetherewi1.1.beotherprofessorsta1.kingaboutotheraspectsoftheFedandyou'1.1.heardifferentpointsofviewwhichisgreat.Andyou'1.1.havetodosomepapersanda1.1.thosekindsofthingsandmgoingtoreadafewofthepaper.So,I1.ookfo11vardtodoingthat.So,I'1.1.beta1.kingfroms1.ides,whichisinpartforthepurposeofmakingthisavai1.ab1.etootherswhomightbeinterested.Theses1.ideswi1.1.bepostedontheFedera1.Reserve'swebsite,federa1.reserve.gov,aswegothrough.Andso,ifyouneedextracopies,bya1.1.meansdothat.AndasPresidentKnappsaid,mgoingtobeta1.kingforawhi1.efromthepresentationbutattheend,Ihopewecanhavesomequestionsandanswers.So,1.etmegetstarted.SowhatIwanttota1.kaboutinthesefour1.ecturesistheFedera1.Reserveandthefinancia1.crisis.Now,mythinkingaboutthisisverymuchconditionedbymyexperienceasaneconomichistorian.Ithinkwhenyouta1.kabouttheissuesthatjustoccurredofthe1.astfewyears,itmakesthemostsensetothinkaboutitinthebroadercontextofcentra1.bankingasitstakingp1.aceoverthecenturies.So,eventhoughwe'regoingtobefocusingagoodbitofthe1.ectures,particu1.ar1.ynextweek,onthefinancia1.crisisandhowtheFedresponded.Ithinkweneedtogobackand1.ookatthebroadercontext.So,asweta1.kabouttheFedwe1.1.beta1.kingabouttheoriginandmissionofcentra1.banksingenera1.,andwere1.ookingatpreviousfinancia1.crises,mostnotab1.ytheGreatDepression,andseehowthatinfomcdtheFedsactionsanddecisionsintherecentcrisis.So1.etmejustgiveyouaroadmapofthefour1.ectures.Today,1.ectureone,wewon'ttouchonthecurrentcrisisata1.1.Instead,we'1.1.ta1.kaboutwhatcentra1.banksare,whattheydo,howcentra1.bankinggotstartedintheUnitedStatesandwe1.1.dosomehistory.We'1.1.ta1.kabouthowtheFedengagedwithitsfirstgreatcha1.1.enge,theGreatDepressionofthe1930s.Thesecond1.ectureonThursday,we'1.1.takeupthehistory.We1.1.reviewdeve1.opmentsincentra1.bankingandwiththeFedera1.ReserveafterWor1.dWarIIta1.kingabouttheconquestofinf1.ation,thegreatmoderationandotherdeve1.opmentsthatoccurredafterWor1.dWarII.Butwe'1.1.spendagoodbitoftime1.ecturetwo,in1.ecturetwo,ta1.kingaboutthebui1.d-uptothecrisisandsomeofthefactorsthat1.edtothecrisisof2008,2009.Thennextweek,we1.1.getintothemorerecentevents.In1.ecturethree,we'1.1.ta1.kabouttheintensephaseofthefinancia1.crisis,itscauses,itsimp1.ications,andparticu