An overview of Engineering Aspects of Solid State Fermentation.docx

马来西亚的微生物学杂志第1卷(2ROO5f,pp.10-16文献综述工程方面的概述固态发解PrabhakanA.1*,Krishn<iah,k.Janaun.j.和波诺，化学工程项目,学院的工程学和信恩技术，马来西亚沙巴高校,88999年亚底、沙巴、马来西亚。电子邮件:ChakriaPurns.edu.my文嫡同体基质栽培(SSC)或固态发解(SSF)被想象作为一个重要的生.沏转化技术改造自然的原料加工成种化学以及生化产M.这个过程包括固体施防发酵培育基微生物在缺乏自由流淌的水.城近的进展和共同关注SSF启用它进化作为个潜在的生物技术的选择传统的化学合成，社保基金正在胜利地利用生产粮食、麴料、的制剂、抗生素、动物饲料和染料降解。本文论述了各种宏观和微观层面工程存在的问题和一些可能的解决方案SSF其全部商业实现.关键词:固态发酵、基材、扩放系数、养分、下海、传质、传热。介绍现代化学合成旨在三Es.能源、经济和环境.任何新的化学产品今日肯定是由最低能量的需求在Ai佳的成本为W的环境污染.作为生化过程是环境友好.成本效益和开展的环境条件下.满意约束的三个胚胎的生产各种化学和生化产品服芬于现代社会.Hcncc.biosyntheseshaveemergedasthepotentialalternativetotraditionalchemicalMaluysianJournalofMicrobiology.VblI(2)2005.pp.10-16REVIEWARTIC1.EAnoverviewofEngineeringAspectsofSolidStateFermentationPrabhakar.A.Krishn<iah.K.Janaun.J.andBono.A.ChemicalEngineeringProgram,SchoolofEngineeringandInformationTechnology,UniversitiMalaysiaSabalh88999KotaKinabalukSabahtMalaysia.Emciil:chakriapunis.edu.myAbstractSolidsubstHuecultivation(SSC)orsolidstatefermentation(SSF)isenvisionedasaPrOminCnlbioconventiontechniqueIotransformnatu11lrawmaterialsintoawidevarietyofchemicalaswellasbio-chemicalproducts.ThisprocessinvolvesthecrmcntationofsolidSubscratcmediumwithmicroorganismin(heabsenceoffreeowingwater.RcccnldevelopmentsalconcertedfocusonSSFenabledi(toevolveasaPOtenIialbiotechnologyas<nCilternalivetothetraditionalchemicalsynthesis.SSEisbeingsuccessfullyexploitedforfoodpr<iuction.fuels,enzymes,antibiotics,aninlfeedsandalsofordye(iegra<iaion.ThispaperdiscussesthevariousmicroandmacrolevelengineeringIMOblenISassociatedwithSSFandsomepossiblesolutionstorilsfullcommercialrealiilion.Keywords:Solid-statefcmcntation.substrate,diffusivity,nutrients,bio-rcactor.masstransfer,heattransfer.INrRODUeTIONMOdernchemicalsynthesisaimsatthreeEs.Energy.EconomyandEnvimnnient.Anynewchemicalproducttodaymustbeproducedwithminimumenergyrequirementatoxinvlcostwithzeroenvironnn(alpollution.Asthebic>-che11ivalprocessesareenvironmentfriendly,costeflectiveandcarriedoutatambientconditions,satisfytheaboveconstraintsofthreeEsfortheproductionofawidevarietyofchemicalandbiochemicalproductstoservethemodemsociety.-个是液态深层发冷(SmF)这是特别确定的,另一个是固态发酵(SSF).它仍在进化状态和在密集的探讨.有几个最近的出版物描述农业产业的固态发酵下脚料(如米楝、稻壳、马铃磐废物.木普皮,麦荻、甘蔗蔗渣、甜菜浆、棕桐仁蛋糕、稻草、可可0英.水果废弃物等进入大宗化工产品和增假的好产品.如乙醇、陆制剂、抗生素、生物燃料、的聒、有机酸、纵基酸、生物活性次生代蝌物(在1983年的探讨Moo-Young;多利在1992年的探讨:1998年,SoccolPimdey.Pandey在1999年的探讨500；0和V；IndCnhCrghC,W03;PrasCrKBn$;1996年,博阿斯等人,2002).最近,焦点被转换的自然废物变成动物、家禽和向炎膳食通过SSR博阿斯等人,2002;1998;1.eOnOWiCZNigam人.1999).原则上SSF指的是微生物的生长在潮湿的固体基质孔隙内或者与自由流滴的水.所前的水份,SSF存在于固体作为汲取或困难的表单更行利于氯微生物种群的可用性，在SSF微生物是在与大气中的氧与液态深层发解(SmF社保基金更简洁.须要更少的处理能源.基本区分SSF和SmF展示在友I、可以更好地理好-些SSF液程开发已经发表在了文学也展示在表2(Pandey和Soccol.1998).低含水率意味蓿发醉只Ife进行有限故里的微生物.主要酵母画和nI兄因此.因为较f氏的湿度变成或污染有否细用的降低.而更多的集中的产品生产.有评论的些方面的文献SSF，然而.本文探讨了工程何阳的概述强调生物反应器的设计与运行商业规模.该论文也强调了某些商业社保基金的应用.SSF工艺方法在仟何SSF工艺进行的基本步骤是：1.打算一个固体基质(dp、PH值、Cn.Cs).2。杀由的基质。3. Risingofsuitablei11(ulum.Traditionalorpureculturetechnique.4. ',hcinoculationofthemoistsubstratesyntheses.Therearetwotypesofb沁conversionmethodsinoperation,oneis(hesubmergedicmicntation(SmF)whichiswellestablishedandtheotherissolidstatefcmnta(ion(SSF)twhichisstillincvolutionarjs(mcandunderintensiveresearch.ThereareseveralrecentpublicationsdescribingIhcsolidstateIennenlaliunofag11>-indUSlriaIresiduessuchasrivebran,ricehusk,potatowastes,cassavahusk,wheatbran,sugarcancbagasse,sugarbeetpulp,palmkernelcake,ricestraw,cocoapod.fnitwastesetc.intohulkchemicalsandvalueaddedlineproductssuchasethanol,enzymes,antibiotics,biofuel,mushrooms,organicacidskaminoacidstbiologicallyac(ivesecondaryr11elat>lites(MOoYuungalU1.1983:DoeiICMal.1992:PandeyandSocco1.1998:Pandcyatal.1999:ScmzcoIandVandcnbcrghc.2(X)3:Prascrtsan,1996:Villas-Boasdal.2(XG).Morerecentlythefocushasbeen(heconventionofnaturalwastesintoanimal,poultryand11shmealsthroughSSF(Villas-Boase<al”2002;Nigam41998;1.eonowiczetal.1999).InprincipleSSFrcfen>tothemicrobialgrowthonmoistsolidsubstratesorwithin(beporeswithoutfreeIlowofwater.I*hcrequiredmoistureforSSFexistsinthesolidasabsorbedorcomplexf<x,nismorehelpfulforoxygenavailabilityto(hemicrobialPOIHIlaion.InSSF(hemicrobeisincontactwithatmosphericoxygenunlikeinsubneedIennentation(SmF).SSFissimplerandrequireslessPrCXxSSingenergy,l,hcbasicdiIYcrcnccsbetweenSSFandSmFarcpresentedinTable1forbelterundcrsrkiing.SomeoftheSSFprocessesdevelopedarcpublishedin(heliteraturearcalsopresentedinTable2(PandeyandSocco1.1998).Thelowmoisturecontentmeanslhatfernenta(ioncanonlybecarriedoutbyalimitednumberofmicrorganistns.mainlyyeastsandfungi,'bercfbrc.becauseoflowmoisturelevelsspoilageorcontaminationbyunwantedbacteriaisrcduccd,andInorCconcentratedproductisPrOdUCcd.Therehavebeenreviewsonson>eof(heaspectsofSSFintheliterature.However,thispaperdiscussesanoverviewOfthCengineeringproblemswithanemphasisonbireactordesignand<erationoncommercialscale.ThepaperalsohighlightsSOmeof(hecomnrcialapplicationsofSSESSFPRQeESSMETH()l)()1.(XiYInanySSFprocesst