sample-of-summary-writing.docx

ChiIdrenMustbeTaughttoTellRijhtfromWrOnaWilliamKiIPaIyiCkManyoftoday'syoungpeoplehaveadifllcul（tin>eseeinganymoraldimens沁nC苴核层面）u>theiractions.ITicrcarcanumberofreasonswhythat'strue,butnonemoreprominentthanafailedsystemofeducationthateschews（回避）teachingchildrenthetraditionalmoralvaluesthatbindAmericanstogetherasasocietyandaCUIUlN.Thatfoiledapproach,called4tdecision-makingwasintroducedinschools25yearsago.ItIelkchiIdivntodecideforIhcniselveswhatisrightandwhatiswrong.Itreplacedcharactereducation.（IrWItrCharactereducationdidn'taskchildrentoreinventthemoralwheel（奢侈时间取新独创早已存在的itt德标准:instead,itencouragedthemtopracticehabitsofcourage,justiceandSdCCong1.Inthe1940s.whenacharactereducationapproachprevailed.IeaCherSworriedabouts（ude11（sCheWinggum;todaytheyworryaboutrobberyandrape.Decision-makingcurriculumsposethorny（麻烦的）ethicaldilcm11ustostudents,leavingthemwiththeimpressionthatallmoralityisproblematicsiVdIhalallquestionsofrightandwrongarcindispute.Youngstersarcforcedtoquestionvaluesandvirtuesthey'veneveracquiredinIhCfirsiplaceoruponwhichIheyhaveonlyatenuous（得弱的）hold.Tbeassump（ionbehind（hismeh<xlisthatSIlldeIigwillarrivea（goodnoralconclusionsifonlytheyarcgiventhechance.Buttheactualresultismoralconfusion.Forexample,arecentnationalstudyof1,700sixth-toninth-gradersrevealedthatamajorityofboysconsideredrape（obeacceptableunderce11ainconditions.Astoundingly,manyof（hegirlsagreed.Thiskindofmoralilliteracyisfurtherencouragedby、IaIueS<ducain（价值观教化,programsthatareIiulemorellncoursesinsc）f-esleen（'i尊）.ThesePrOgnHnSarebasedonthequestionableassumptionthatachildwhofeelsgoodaboutIiimsclforherselfwon,twanttodoanythingwrong.Butitisjustasreasonabletomakeanoppositeassumption:na11ly.thatachildWhOhasuncriticalself-vgardwillconcludethatheorsheCaffldoanythingbad.Suchnaiveself-acceptanceresultsinlargepartfromthenon-dircctivc（无指导性的）>n-judgmenlal（无是非观的as-long-as-you-cclcomi*<>rtablc-with-your-choiccsmentality（ffi）thathasPCrVaded（清透）PUbliCeducationforIhelastIWoandone-halfdecades.Manyoftoday,sdrugeducation,sexeducationandvalues>cducationcoursesarebasedonthesame1960sphilosophythathelpedfueltheexplosioninteendruguseandsexualactivityinthefirstplace.Meanwhile,whileeducatorsarcstillfiddlingwith（胡乱探布）outdated*icclgood,approaches.NewYork.Washington,and1.osAngeIeSareburning.YoungstersareleavingschoolbelievingthatnuersofrightandWn）ngarcalwaysmerelysubjective.IfyoupassastrangerontheSIreCtanddecidetomurderhimbecauseyouneedmoneyifitfeelsrightyougowiththatf<xling.Clearly,murderisnottaughtinourSChCX）Is.hutsuchaconclusionjusaboutanyconclusion-canbereachedandjustifiedusingthedecision-makingInClh（X1.histime（oconsign（寄出）Ihefads（风尚）of,Mccision-making'*and°nonjudgmcntalisntotheashheapof!ailedpolicies,andreturnIoaprovedmelhd.Charactereducationprovidesamuchnx）rerealisticapproachIomoralformation.Itisbuiltonanunderstandingthatwelearnnwralitynotbydebatingitbutbypracticingit.Summaryof''ChildrenMustbeIaughttoTellRightfromWrong”Inhisessay“ChildrenMUSlbeTaUghl【oTellRighlfromWrong."WilIiarnKilPaIriCkargueshallhc“decision-making"approachtothemoraleducaionofAmericanyouth,whichreplaced''charactereducation''25yearsago,haspreventedjuvenilesfrombehavingandthinkinginaccordancewiththetraditionalmoralprinciples(hatarefundamentaltoAmericansociety.ACCOrdingloKiIpaKick,decision-makingmchodsinstillinstudentsawrongbeliefthatallnormsofmoralityaresubjectiveconstructswithonlyrelativetruthinthemandIhcreibrecanbeintcretcdflexiblyandevenquestioned.ThiSbeliefdeprivesthemofthechancetosecuresolidmoralstandardsandcausesmisconceptionsaboutvhalshouldheclearlyrighorwrong.InDarallelWiththisinadequacyOfthe“decision-making"approacharetheunexpectedoutcomesofIhOSCVaIUCS-CdUCaliCnPrOgnin1$focusingOnstudents'Self-esteemthatsupportthe44non-judgmenta,mindsetdominating“decision-making“curriculums.ThCirHiisiakcnassumpionthatfeelinggoodwarrantsmoralityexcusesstudentsfromcriticizinganddiscipliningtheirownbehaviors.BaSinghisCOnCIlISionOnhisanalysisOfIhefundamenlalflawsOfthedccisicn-makingapproach,Kilpalrickfinallyproposesanimmediateshiftbacktocharactereducationwhichhebelievesteachesmoralitymoreeffectivelybyemphasizingpracticeinsteadofdiscussion.