美国名人 音乐人 伍迪格斯里1.docx

美国名人音乐人伍迪格斯里1WoodyGuthriez1912-1967:SingingtheSongsof'DustBowlRefugees,playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-17:59repeatByShelleyGollust2010-6-12Photo:loc.govHisbestsongswereaboutthetroublesAmericansfacedduringtheDepression.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:I'mMaryTiIIotson.STEVEEMBER:AndI'mSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogram,PEOP1.EINAMERICA.Today,webeginatwo-partstoryaboutsongwriterandsingerWoodyGuthrie.Hewrotesongsaboutcommonpeopleandsocialissuesinthenineteenthirties.Hismusicinfluencedmanypeople.(MUSIC)MARYTI1.1.OTSON:ImagineyouareinAmericainthenineteenthirties.Atrainpassesthroughthecountryside.Itisnighttime.Andtheonlysoundthatcanbeheardisthelong,lonelywhistlecomingfromthetrain'sengine.Insidethetrain'sboxcarsaregroupsofmensittingorlyingonthefloors.Themenaredirtyandtheirclothingistorn.Inoneboxcar;ashortmanwithlong,curlybrownhairisplayingaguitarandsinging.HisnameisWoodyGuthrie.Heissingingasongaboutmenwholookforworkastheytravelfromtowntotown.(MUSIC-"IAIN'TGOTNOHOME")STEVEEMBER:WoodrowWilsonGuthriewasborninnineteentwelveintheAmericanstateofOklahoma.TheGuthriefamilylivedinasmallfarmingtowncalledOkemah.Woody'sfather,Charles,wasabusinessmanwhoboughtandsoldland.Woody'smother,Nora,wasaschoolteacher.Shealsolikedtoplaythepianoandsing.WhenWoodywasyoung,hismothersanghimsongsshehadlearnedasagirl.Thesesongstoldstoriesaboutloveanddeathanddifficulttimes.APWoodyGuthriewrotesongsaboutcommonpeopleandsocialissuesinthenineteenthirties.MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Woody'searlyyearswerehappyones.Buthislifebegantochangewhenhewasonlytenyearsold.Oneday,hissister,Clara,spilledoilonherdressandaccidentallysetherselfonfire.Shediedthenextday.Woodyneverforgotherdeath.Astimepassed,Woody'smotherbeganactingstrangely.Shelostcontroloverheractionsandspeech.Manypeoplethoughtshewasinsane.Becauseofthis,theGuthriefamilybecamemoreprivateastheyattemptedtohideNora'sproblems.Thelossofhisdaughterandhiswife'ssufferingruinedCharlesGuthrie.Hebegandrinkingalcohol.Hisbusinesssoonfailed.TheGuthriefamilyleftOkemahandlivedinseveraltownsinOklahomaandTexas.YoungWoodyoftenhadtoworkinsteadofattendingschoolbecausehisfamilywaspoor.STEVEEMBER:ThefirstmusicalinstrumentWoodylearnedtoplaywastheharmonica.Helearnedtoplaytheharmonicabywatchinganoldmanplaytheinstrument.Woodylearnedhowtoplaytheguitarbywatchinghisfather'sbrotherplay.Inthenineteentwenties,WoodywaslivinginthetownofPampa,Texas.Pampawasknownasa"boomtown"becauseithadgrownquicklyafteroilwasdiscoverednearby.Onweekends,Woodyjoinedotheryoungmentoplaymusicatdancesinthetown.YearsIaterrWoodydescribedwhatsingingmeanttohim:"Whenyousingasong,itreachesoutandenterspeople'sears.Itmakesthemjumpupanddown,andsingitwithyou.Thebestpartaboutsingingisthatyoucansingwhatyouthink.Youcantellallkindsofstoriesinasong,andputyourideasacrosstoanotherperson."MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Woodylikedtocommunicatewithotherpeoplethroughhismusic.Yethedidnotliketosaymuchabouthimself.Onereasonforthiswasthathedidnotwantpeopletoknowthathismotherwasinahospitalforinsanepeople.NoraGuthriesufferedfromadiseasethatdestroysthebrainandnervoussystem.Hewasseventeenyearsoldwhenhismotherdied,innineteentwenty-nine.ThatwastheyearwhentheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesbegantoslowdown.Overthenextseveralyears,manyAmericanslosttheirjobs.TheperiodbecameknownastheGreatDepression.APWoodyGuthriewroteaboutfleeingtheDustBowlinoneofhisfirstsongs.InPampa,theoilfieldsdriedup.Farmsinmanyareasfailedbecauselittleornorainfellforseveralyears.Thelandbecamesodrythatwindeasilyblewawaythetopsoil.TheseareasofTexas,OklahomaandotherstatesbecameknownastheDustBowl.STEVEEMBER:1.ikemanyotherpeople,WoodyGuthrieleftPampatotravelaroundTexasandtheSouthwestlookingforwork.Heoftenmadetripsbytrain.Butbecausehehadnomoney,hewouldjumponthetrain'sboxcarsandrideforfree.Thiswasoftendangerous,becauseguardsonthetrainwouldthrowthemenofforarrestthem.However;Woodyfoundthislifeexciting.OneofthefirstsongshewrotewasaboutleavinghomeandfleeingtheDustBowl.(MUSIC-"IT'SBEENGOODTOKNOWYOU")MARYTI1.1.OTSON:WoodyGuthriemarriedMaryJenningsinnineteenthirty-three.Theyhadthreechildren.ThreeyearslateWoodylefthisfamilyandtraveledtoCalifornia.Hemetmanykindsofpeopleduringhistravels.Healsolearnedsongsfrommanydifferentpartsofthecountry.Yetwhataffectedhimmostwasthesufferinghesaw.Hesaid:"WhenIsawhard-workingpeoplesufferingunderdebts,sicknessandworries,Iknewtherewasplentytomakeupsongsabout."STEVEEMBER:InCalifornia,Woodyearnedmoneybyplayinghisguitarandsinging.1.ater,hebeganperformingonaradioprogramwithafriend,MaxineCrissman.Shewascalled1.efty1.ou.Theyhadoneofthemostpopularradioprogramsin1.osAngeles.TheysangsongsWoodyhadwrittenaboutsocialissues.HisbestsongswereaboutthetroublesAmericansfacedduringtheDepression.Thissongisaboutthedangersofcoalmining.Itiscalled"TheDyingMiner."(MUSIC-hTHEDYINGMINER")MARYTI1.1.OTSON:Innineteenthirty-eight,WoodyGuthrielefttheradioprogramtotravelaroundCalifornia.HefoundthatconditionshadbecomeworseformanypeoplewhohadlosttheirlandandfledtheDustBowl.Mostofthese"DustBowlrefugees"couldonlyfindseasonalfarmw