美国名人 剧作家 阿瑟·米勒.docx

美国名人剧作家阿瑟米勒ArthurMiller:1915-2005:OneoftheGreatestAmericanPlaywrightsofthe20thCenturyplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-15:05repeatByJeriIynWatson2009-11-28VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywetellaboutArthurMiller.ManytheatercriticsbelievehewasoneofthegreatestAmericanplaywrightsofthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ArthurMillerSeveralplaysbyArthurMillerwillprobablybeperformedformanyyearstocome.ThatisbecausecriticssayMillerwasabletodramatizetheemotionalpainthataveragepeoplesufferintheirdailylives.AcriticoncedescribedMillerasanactivistforthecommonman.Hedemonstratesthiswellinoneofhismostfamousplays,"DeathofaSalesman."Themaincharacterisamanwhosedreamsofsuccessinbusinesshavedied.ButMiller'sinterestintheaveragemandidnotstophimfromexploringmajorproblemsofsociety.In"TheCrucible",forexample,heshowswhathappenswhenunreasonabledislikeandfearcausepeopletoaccuseinnocentpeopleofhorriblecrimes.Someotherofhisbest-knownplaysinclude"AllMySons","AViewfromtheBridge"and"AftertheFall."VOICETWO:ArthurMillerwasborninNewYorkCityinnineteenfifteen.HediedintwothousandfiveathishomeinRoxbury,Connecticut.Forsixtyyears,hecreatedonedramaticworkafteranother.Millerwonmanyawardsforhisplays.AmongthemwereaPulitzerPrize,NewYorkDramaCritics'CircleprizesandTonyawards.Innineteeneighty-four;theJohnF.KennedyCenterforthePerformingArtsinWashington,D.C.honoredhimforhislifetimeworkindrama.Milleralsocreatedstoriesformovies.Forexample,hewrote"TheMisfits"foractressMarilynMonroe.Miller'stelevisiondrama,"PlayingforTime",toldofanorchestraofprisonersattheNazideathcamp,Auschwitz,duringWorldWarTwo.Millerwasalsoapoliticalactivistforhumanrights.ButitwasdramaperformedinthetheaterthatMillerlovedmost.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ArthurMillergrewupinNewYork.Hisfather,IsidoreMiller;manufacturedclothingandoperatedastore.ButthefatherlosthismoneyinthegreateconomicDepressioninthenineteenthirties.ThefamilyhadtomovefromacostlyapartmentinManhattantoasmallhouseinBrooklyn.DuringtheDepression,Arthurworkedatmanyjobstoearnmoneyforcollege.Innineteenthirt-fouGhebeganstudyingEnglishattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArbor.Millerwonanawardforwritingplayswhileatschool.VOICETWO:MillerreturnedhometoNewYorkaftercompletinghisstudies.Hemarriedhiscollegegirlfriend,MarySlattery.Theyhadtwochildrenbeforelaterendingtheirmarriage.Innineteenforty-four,ArthurMiller'sfirstmajorplaywasperformedonBroadway.Itwascalled"TheManWhoHadAllthe1.uck."However,theplaydidnotbringhimgoodluck.Ithadonlyfourperformances.ButhissecondBroadwayplay,"AllMySons",wasamajorsuccessItwonseveralawardsinnineteenforty-seven."AllMySons"tellsofamanufacturerwhoproducesfaultypartsforairplanesusedinWorldWarTwo.Oneofhissonsdiesastheresultofthefather'scrime.Intheplay,Millerexaminestherelationshipbetweenthepressuretosucceedandpersonalresponsibility.VOICEONE:Miller'sgreatplayz"DeathofaSalesman",openedonBroadwayinnineteenforty-nine.Hewasthirty-threeyearsoldwhenhewroteit."DeathofaSalesman"questionsthepressuresinAmericansocietyforpeopletogainfinancialsuccess.Theplayalsocontinueshisexplorationoftherelationshipsbetweenfathersandsons.Thecentralcharacterin"DeathofaSalesman"issixty-year-oldWilly1.oman.TheactionopensonthelastdayofWilly'slife.Hehasbeendismissedfromhisjobasatravelingsalesman.Healsorecognizesthathehasfailedasafather.Willythinksaboutkillinghimself.Willy'swife1.indaunderstandsthatheisdeeplyanddangerouslysad.ButtheirsonBiffcriticizeshisfather'sstrangeactions.SheanswerswithsomeofthemostfamouswordsintheAmericantheater:(SOUND)1.INDA:"Idon'tsayhe'sagreatman.Willy1.omannevermadealotofmoney.Hisnamewasneverinthepapers.Buthe'sahumanbeing,andaterriblethingishappeningtohim.Soattentionmustbepaid.He'snottobeallowedtofallintohisgravelikeanolddog.Attention,attentionmustbefinallypaidtosuchaperson.Youcalledhimcrazy."BIFF:"Ididn'tmean."1.INDAihNozalotofpeoplethinkhe'slosthis-balance.Butyoudon'thavetobeverysmarttoknowwhathistroubleis.Themanisexhausted."VOICETWO:1.indaknowsthatWillyisextremelytired.Heistiredofliving.Hekillshimselfbeforetheplayisover.1.indatalkstoWillyathisburialplace:(SOUND)"IsearchandsearchandIsearch,andIcan'tunderstandit.Willy,Imadethelastpaymentonthehousetoday.Today,dear.Andthere'llbenobodyhome."VOICEONE:"DeathofaSalesman"hadabiginfluenceontheAmericanpublic.ManypeoplesawtheirownlivesinWilly1.omanzthevictimofbrokendreams.Americansdiscussedthefinancialworriesofbusinessmenwhoweregettingold.ButAmericanswerenottheonlyoneswhoidentifiedwiththeideasintheplay.Ithasbeentranslatedintoaboutthirtylanguagesandperformedaroundtheworld.VOICETWO:ArthurMiller'scriticismsofmodernAmericanlifeinfluencedanotherofhismostimportantworks."TheCrucible"wasfirstproducedinnineteenfifty-three.ThenineteenfiftieswereatimeofextremefearofCommunismintheUnitedStates.Sometimesthisfearwasunreasonable.MillerexaminedthisdifficultperiodinAmericanhistorybysettinghisplayatanotherdifficulttime."TheCrucible"takesplaceintheseventeenthcentury.Hebasedhispla